In anaerobic respiration, the chemical substance that is produced is alcohol. Anaerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen. It is a less efficient process compared to aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen.

Here's an explanation of why alcohol is produced in anaerobic respiration:

1. Definition of anaerobic respiration:
- Anaerobic respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy without the use of oxygen.
- It occurs in some microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria, as well as in certain cells of larger organisms, including some muscle cells.

2. The role of the electron transport chain:
- In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen.
- Oxygen acts as a terminal electron acceptor, allowing the production of a large amount of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of cells.
- However, in anaerobic respiration, oxygen is not available, so an alternative molecule serves as the final electron acceptor.

3. Fermentation in anaerobic respiration:
- In the absence of oxygen, cells switch to a process called fermentation to continue generating ATP.
- Fermentation involves the partial breakdown of glucose and the production of different end products depending on the organism and the conditions.
- One common type of fermentation is alcoholic fermentation, which occurs in yeast and some bacteria.
- During alcoholic fermentation, glucose is converted into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide.
- The reaction can be summarized as follows: Glucose → 2 Ethanol + 2 Carbon Dioxide + ATP

4. Importance of alcoholic fermentation:
- Alcoholic fermentation is essential in various industries, such as the production of alcoholic beverages like beer and wine.
- It is also used in bread-making, where yeast ferments sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide bubbles that cause the dough to rise.
- Additionally, alcoholic fermentation plays a role in the production of biofuels, such as ethanol, which can be used as an alternative fuel source.

In conclusion, in anaerobic respiration, the chemical substance produced is alcohol through the process of alcoholic fermentation. This process allows cells to generate ATP in the absence of oxygen and has various industrial applications.

Lactic acid is produced while glucose is broken down into CO2 and alcohol during anaerobic respiration