Based on the following statements I and IS, select the correct answer ...
Thermal energy is the energy of a body arising from motion of its atoms or molecules. It is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance. It is the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles of the matter and is thus responsible for movement of particles. This movement of particles is called thermal motion. We have already learnt that intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together but thermal energy of the molecules tends to keep them apart. Three states of matter are the result of balance between intermolecular forces and the thermal energy of the molecules.
View all questions of this test
Based on the following statements I and IS, select the correct answer ...
Option (a) is correct because it tells us about the three states of matter exist by the intermolecular forces and thermal energy and second statement tell us about function of intermolecular force and thermal energy by which three states of matter exist
Based on the following statements I and IS, select the correct answer ...
Statement I: Three states of matter are the result of balance between intermolecular forces and thermal energy of the molecules.
Statement II: Intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together but thermal energy of molecules tends to keep them apart.
The correct answer is option 'A': Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.
Explanation:
Intermolecular Forces:
Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction and repulsion between molecules. These forces play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of matter, such as boiling point, melting point, and density. The strength of intermolecular forces varies depending on the type of molecules and the conditions.
Thermal Energy:
Thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of particles in a substance. It is directly related to the temperature of the substance. As temperature increases, the thermal energy of the molecules also increases.
Explanation of Statement I:
The three states of matter, namely solid, liquid, and gas, are the result of a balance between intermolecular forces and thermal energy of the molecules. In solids, the intermolecular forces are stronger than the thermal energy, causing the molecules to be closely packed and have a definite shape. In liquids, the intermolecular forces are weaker than in solids, allowing the molecules to move more freely but still stay close together. In gases, the intermolecular forces are very weak compared to the thermal energy, resulting in a complete lack of structure and the molecules being far apart from each other.
Explanation of Statement II:
Intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together by attracting them towards each other. These forces include London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding. On the other hand, thermal energy of molecules tends to keep them apart by providing kinetic energy for molecular motion. As the thermal energy increases, the molecules move faster and have a greater tendency to overcome the intermolecular forces and separate from each other.
Conclusion:
Both statements I and II are correct. Statement II provides a correct explanation of Statement I by highlighting the opposing roles of intermolecular forces and thermal energy in determining the states of matter.
To make sure you are not studying endlessly, EduRev has designed Class 11 study material, with Structured Courses, Videos, & Test Series. Plus get personalized analysis, doubt solving and improvement plans to achieve a great score in Class 11.