Mughal campaigns continued in the Deccan under Shah Jahan. The Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi rebelled and was defeated. Campaigns were launched against Ahmadnagar; the Bundelas were defeated and Orchha seized. In the north-west, the campaign to seize Balkh from the Uzbegs was unsuccessful and Qandahar was lost to the Safavids. In 1632 Ahmadnagar was finally annexed and the Bijapur forces sued for peace.

In which year was finally Ahmadanagar and Bijapur annexed?

After the fall of the Bahmani Sultanate in the 16th century, several Deccan Sultanates emerged, including the Ahmadnagar Sultanate and the Bijapur Sultanate. Both these Sultanates were regional powers in the Deccan region of India and had their own independent rule. However, over time, the Mughal Empire, under the leadership of Emperor Akbar, aimed to expand its dominion and gain control over these Sultanates.

Brief Overview of Ahmadnagar Sultanate:
The Ahmadnagar Sultanate was established in 1490 by Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I. The Sultanate reached its zenith under the rule of Burhan Nizam Shah in the late 16th century. However, the Sultanate faced continuous conflicts with the neighboring powers, including the Mughals.

Brief Overview of Bijapur Sultanate:
The Bijapur Sultanate was founded in 1489 by Yusuf Adil Shah. It was known for its architectural marvels, especially the Gol Gumbaz. The Sultanate also faced territorial disputes, particularly with the Mughals, as they sought to extend their influence in the Deccan.

Mughal Expansion towards Deccan:
The Mughal Empire, led by Emperor Akbar, launched several campaigns to expand its territory into the Deccan region. Akbar's ultimate goal was to establish a centralized empire over the entire Indian subcontinent. In 1595, Akbar's forces captured the fort of Ahmednagar, signaling the beginning of Mughal control over the region.

The Annexation of Ahmadnagar and Bijapur:
It was not until the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb that the Mughals finally annexed both Ahmadnagar and Bijapur Sultanates.

Ahmadnagar Annexation:
The Ahmadnagar Sultanate faced internal conflicts and weak leadership during Aurangzeb's reign. Taking advantage of the situation, Aurangzeb's forces besieged and captured the capital city of Daulatabad in 1633. This marked the downfall of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, and its territories were fully annexed by the Mughal Empire.

Bijapur Annexation:
The Bijapur Sultanate also faced internal instability and power struggles. Aurangzeb saw an opportunity to expand his empire further and launched a campaign against Bijapur in 1685. After a prolonged siege, the Mughal forces captured the city of Bijapur in 1686, leading to the annexation of the Bijapur Sultanate.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Mughal Empire finally annexed the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in 1633 during Aurangzeb's reign, and the Bijapur Sultanate in 1686. These annexations were part of the Mughal Empire's efforts to extend its authority over the Deccan region and establish a centralized rule over the Indian subcontinent.

In the 1632...