Introduction:
Planning is an essential function of management that involves setting objectives and determining the course of action required to achieve those objectives. It is a systematic process that requires careful consideration of various factors. The features of planning are crucial in guiding the decision-making process and ensuring the successful implementation of strategies.

Features of planning:

1. Formulated at/by a laboratory:
- Answer: D. none of these
- Planning is not formulated at a laboratory. It is a managerial function that is carried out by the management personnel within an organization. The planning process involves gathering information, analyzing data, and making decisions based on the organization's goals and resources. It is a collaborative effort that requires the expertise and experience of the management team.

2. The experience of the management personnel:
- Answer: B. the experience of the management personnel
- The experience of the management personnel plays a significant role in the formulation of plans. Managers who have a deep understanding of the industry, market trends, and organizational capabilities are better equipped to develop effective plans. They can draw upon their past experiences and knowledge to anticipate potential challenges and opportunities, thereby enhancing the quality of the planning process.

3. The experience of the consumer:
- Answer: C. the experience of the consumer
- While the experience of the consumer is important in marketing and product development, it is not directly related to the formulation of plans. Consumer experience can provide valuable insights and feedback that can influence the planning process indirectly. However, the primary focus of planning is to align the organization's goals and resources to achieve desired outcomes, rather than solely relying on consumer experience.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the features of planning are formulated by the experience of the management personnel. Their knowledge, expertise, and understanding of the organization's goals and resources are instrumental in developing effective plans. While consumer experience indirectly influences the planning process, it is not a direct feature of planning. Planning is a collaborative effort that requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure successful implementation.