The male sex cells of seed plants (flowering plants, conifers, and cycads) are contained in tough capsules called POLLEN. Pollen grains are produced by organs called anthers and must be transferred to the female parts of plants in order to form seeds.

Pollen grains are produced in the anthers of flowers. The anthers are part of the male reproductive organ of the flower called the stamen. The stamen typically consists of two parts - the filament and the anther. The filament is a slender stalk that holds up the anther.

The anther is responsible for producing pollen grains, which are the male reproductive cells of flowering plants. These pollen grains contain the male gametes, or sperm cells, that are necessary for fertilization to occur.

The process of pollen production is known as microsporogenesis. It begins with the formation of microspore mother cells within the anther. These mother cells undergo meiosis, a type of cell division that results in the production of haploid cells called microspores. Each microspore then develops into a pollen grain.

Pollen grains are tiny structures that contain the male gametes. They are usually round or oval in shape and have a tough outer wall called the exine, which protects the contents of the grain. The exine may have various patterns and features, which can help in the identification of different plant species.

Once the pollen grains are mature, they are released from the anthers and are carried by various means, such as wind, insects, or birds, to the female reproductive organ of the flower called the pistil. This transfer of pollen is known as pollination.

In the pistil, the pollen grains land on a receptive surface called the stigma. From there, they germinate and produce a pollen tube that grows down through the style and into the ovary. The sperm cells then travel through this pollen tube to reach the ovules, which are contained within the ovary.

In conclusion, pollen grains are produced in the anthers of flowers. They are the male reproductive cells of flowering plants and play a crucial role in the process of fertilization.