How can we prepare copper sulphate, caustic soda and iodine ?
Copper sulphate-
Copper sulphate is chemical compound and is available as blue colour powder. It is industrially prepared by copper metal and sulphuric acid.
Caustic soda-
Caustic soda is chemically known as sodium hydroxide. It is available as white coloured waxy pellets. It can be prepared by Solvay process, about which you will study in higher classes.
Iodine solution-
Iodine in solid state is of lustrous metallic gray colour. It can be dissolved in water to form iodine solution.
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How can we prepare copper sulphate, caustic soda and iodine ?
Preparing Copper Sulphate:
To prepare copper sulphate, follow these steps:
1. Gather the Materials:
- Copper oxide or copper carbonate
- Dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Distilled water
- Beaker or glass container
- Stirring rod
- Filter paper
- Funnel
2. Preparing the Copper Solution:
- Start by adding a small amount of copper oxide or copper carbonate into a beaker or glass container.
- Slowly add dilute sulfuric acid to the copper oxide or carbonate while stirring continuously until the reaction stops.
- Keep adding the acid until no more reaction occurs, indicating that all the copper oxide or carbonate has dissolved.
3. Purifying the Solution:
- Filter the solution using filter paper and a funnel to remove any impurities or undissolved particles.
- Collect the filtrate in a separate container, which should now contain a blue solution of copper sulphate.
4. Crystallizing Copper Sulphate:
- Pour the blue solution into an evaporating dish or shallow container.
- Allow the solution to evaporate slowly at room temperature, or you can speed up the process by gently heating the solution.
- As the water evaporates, blue crystals of copper sulphate will start forming.
- Once the solution has completely evaporated, collect the crystals and let them dry. You now have copper sulphate.
Preparing Caustic Soda:
To prepare caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide, follow these steps:
1. Gather the Materials:
- Sodium chloride (table salt)
- Water
- Electrolysis apparatus
- Graphite electrodes
- Power source (battery or electric supply)
- Beaker or glass container
2. Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride:
- Dissolve sodium chloride in water to create a saltwater solution.
- Set up the electrolysis apparatus by placing two graphite electrodes into the solution.
- Connect the electrodes to a power source, ensuring that the positive electrode (anode) is connected to the positive terminal and the negative electrode (cathode) to the negative terminal.
- Turn on the power source, and electrolysis will occur.
- The chlorine gas will be produced at the anode, while hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide will be produced at the cathode.
3. Collecting Caustic Soda:
- The sodium hydroxide, or caustic soda, will be present in the solution surrounding the cathode.
- Carefully remove the solution from the electrolysis apparatus and transfer it to a separate container.
- The solution now contains caustic soda, which can be used for various purposes.
Preparing Iodine:
To prepare iodine, follow these steps:
1. Gather the Materials:
- Potassium iodide
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
- Glass container
- Filter paper
- Funnel
2. Preparing the Iodine Solution:
-
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