Litmus solutions are obtain from lichens. The use of these solutions is to state the nature of any substances (whether they are acidic or base in nature).

The source of Litmus solution:
The Litmus solution is obtained from a specific type of lichen called Roccella tinctoria. Lichens are unique organisms that consist of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium. Roccella tinctoria is commonly found in various parts of Europe, particularly in regions with a Mediterranean climate.

Use of Litmus solution:
Litmus solution is widely used as an indicator in chemistry and biology laboratories to determine the acidity or alkalinity (pH) of substances. It is a natural pH indicator that changes color depending on the pH of the solution it is added to. Litmus solution is available in two forms: red litmus solution and blue litmus solution.

Red Litmus Solution:
When red litmus solution is added to a substance, it remains red in the presence of an acidic solution and turns blue in the presence of an alkaline solution. It does not change color in a neutral solution. This property of red litmus solution allows scientists to determine whether a substance is acidic or alkaline based on the color change.

Blue Litmus Solution:
On the other hand, blue litmus solution behaves in the opposite way. It turns red in the presence of an acidic solution and remains blue in an alkaline or neutral solution. By using both red and blue litmus solutions together, scientists can accurately determine the pH of a substance.

Other Applications:
Apart from its use as a pH indicator, litmus solution has other applications as well. It is commonly used in the production of litmus paper, which is widely used in laboratories and educational institutions to quickly and easily determine the pH of a solution. Litmus paper is inexpensive, portable, and provides a visual indication of the pH level.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, litmus solution is obtained from Roccella tinctoria lichen and is used as a natural pH indicator. Its ability to change color in the presence of acidic or alkaline substances makes it an essential tool in various scientific fields. By using litmus solution, scientists can accurately determine the pH of a substance, which is crucial for understanding its chemical properties and applications.