The extent of polarization depends ona)Kinetic energy of bound chargesb)Dipole potential energyc)Dipole potential energy and thermal energyd)Thermal energyCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Two factors on which the extent of polarization depends are:

The potential energy of dipoles in the external field which tends to align the dipole with in the field.

Thermal energy of the agitation which tends to randomize the alignment of the dipole.

Answer

The extent of polarization of dielectrics depends on the relative strength of two mutually opposite factors - the dipole potential energy tending to align the dipole with the external field and thermal energy tending to disrupt the alignment.

Answer

The extent of polarization depends on dipole potential energy and thermal energy.

Dipole Potential Energy:
Polarization occurs when a material becomes electrically polarized, meaning that the charges within the material are separated, creating positive and negative regions. This separation of charges results in the creation of electric dipoles within the material. The dipole potential energy is the energy associated with the separation of charges in the dipoles. The greater the dipole potential energy, the stronger the polarization.

Thermal Energy:
Thermal energy refers to the energy associated with the random motion of particles within a material. As the temperature of a material increases, the thermal energy also increases. This increased thermal energy causes the particles to vibrate more vigorously. In the context of polarization, thermal energy can disrupt the alignment of dipoles by causing them to rotate or reorient randomly.

Interaction between Dipole Potential Energy and Thermal Energy:
The extent of polarization is determined by the balance between the dipole potential energy and the thermal energy.

When the dipole potential energy is much greater than the thermal energy, the dipoles within the material will remain aligned and the polarization will be strong. This occurs at low temperatures where the thermal energy is not sufficient to disrupt the alignment of the dipoles.

On the other hand, when the thermal energy is much greater than the dipole potential energy, the dipoles will be randomly oriented and the polarization will be weak. This occurs at high temperatures where the thermal energy is strong enough to cause the dipoles to rotate and reorient randomly.

Conclusion:
In summary, the extent of polarization depends on the balance between the dipole potential energy and the thermal energy. At low temperatures, the dipole potential energy dominates and the polarization is strong. At high temperatures, the thermal energy dominates and the polarization is weak. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - dipole potential energy and thermal energy.

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