Protocol Stack

A protocol stack is a set of protocols that work together to enable communication between different layers of a system. It is a hierarchical structure in which each layer depends on the layer below it and provides services to the layer above it.

The protocols used by a system, one protocol per layer, is called a protocol stack. The layers of the protocol stack are typically defined by the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which is a conceptual framework for understanding the communication between different systems.

Layers of a Protocol Stack

The OSI model defines seven layers of a protocol stack, each with its own set of protocols. The layers, from bottom to top, are:

1. Physical Layer: This layer deals with the physical transmission of data over a medium.

2. Data Link Layer: This layer provides reliable transmission of data over a physical link.

3. Network Layer: This layer provides routing and addressing services for data packets.

4. Transport Layer: This layer provides reliable end-to-end delivery of data between systems.

5. Session Layer: This layer manages the communication sessions between systems.

6. Presentation Layer: This layer provides data formatting, encryption, and compression services.

7. Application Layer: This layer provides services to applications that use the network.

Each layer of the protocol stack uses a specific set of protocols to provide its services. These protocols work together to ensure that data is transmitted reliably and efficiently between systems.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a list of protocols used by a system, one protocol per layer, is called a protocol stack. The protocol stack is a hierarchical structure in which each layer provides services to the layer above it. The layers of the protocol stack are defined by the OSI model, and each layer uses a specific set of protocols to provide its services.