What is the cross pollination?

Question

Answer

When the pollen grain from the anther of one plant is transferred to stigma of another plant it is called cross pollination.

Answer

The transference of pollen grains from the anther to stigma of a different flower of the same kind is cross pollination .

Answer

Cross pollination is a reproductive process that occurs in plants, where pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant of the same species. This process is vital for the sexual reproduction of many plants and plays a significant role in the diversity and adaptation of plant species.

Process of Cross Pollination:
Cross pollination involves several steps that ensure the transfer of pollen from one plant to another:

1. Pollen Production: Plants produce pollen, which contains the male reproductive cells (gametes). The pollen is typically produced in the anthers of flowers.

2. Pollen Transfer: Pollen grains are carried from the anthers to the stigma, which is the receptive part of the female reproductive structure in a flower. This transfer can occur through various agents, including wind, water, insects, birds, or other animals.

3. Pollen Recognition: Once the pollen reaches the stigma, it needs to be recognized and accepted by the plant. The stigma releases a sticky substance that helps in capturing and retaining the pollen grains.

4. Pollen Germination and Tube Formation: The pollen grain germinates on the stigma and develops a pollen tube. This tube grows through the style of the flower to reach the ovary.

5. Fertilization: The pollen tube delivers the male gametes to the ovary, where they fuse with the female gametes (located in the ovules) through a process called fertilization. This fusion forms a zygote, which eventually develops into a seed.

Advantages of Cross Pollination:
Cross pollination offers several advantages to plants, including:

1. Genetic Variation: By receiving pollen from different plants, cross-pollinated plants have a greater genetic diversity compared to self-pollinated plants. This genetic variation enhances their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

2. Improved Fitness: Cross pollination can lead to the production of offspring with increased vigor, as it brings together different genetic traits from two parent plants. This enhanced fitness can result in improved growth, disease resistance, and reproductive success.

3. Outbreeding: Cross pollination promotes outbreeding, which reduces the risk of inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression refers to the negative effects that can occur when closely related individuals mate, potentially leading to reduced fertility and increased susceptibility to diseases and genetic disorders.

Examples of Cross Pollination:
Cross pollination is observed in many plant species. Here are a few examples:

1. Maize: Maize plants rely on wind for cross pollination. The male flowers, located on the tassel, release pollen that is carried by the wind to the female flowers, known as ears, where fertilization takes place.

2. Apple Trees: Apple trees require cross pollination between different cultivars to produce fruit. Bees and other insects play a crucial role in transferring pollen from one apple tree to another.

3. Squash: Squash plants have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. However, they rely on insects, such as bees, for cross pollination between different plants.

In conclusion, cross pollination is an essential reproductive process in plants, enabling genetic variation, improved fitness, and outbreeding

Answer

Cross-pollination. The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ (an anther or a male cone) of one plant to the female reproductive organ (a stigma or a female cone) of another plant.

Answer

The pollen grains are carried to the stigma of either the same flower ( self pollination) or of a different flower of the same kind ( cross pollination)

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