Classification of Matter Based on Composition

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It is classified based on its composition, which refers to the types and amounts of substances that make up the matter. There are two main classifications of matter based on composition: pure substances and mixtures.

Pure Substances:
A pure substance is a type of matter that has a uniform and definite composition. It consists of only one type of particle, either an individual atom or a molecule composed of multiple atoms bonded together. Pure substances can be further categorized into elements and compounds.

Elements:
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions. They are composed of only one type of atom. There are 118 known elements, each with its unique set of properties. Examples of elements include oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and iron (Fe).

Compounds:
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined in fixed ratios. They can be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions. Compounds have properties different from those of the elements that make them up. For example, water (H2O) is a compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Mixtures:
Mixtures are substances made up of two or more different types of particles that are not chemically combined. Unlike pure substances, mixtures can be separated into their individual components through physical means. Mixtures can be further classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Homogeneous Mixtures:
Homogeneous mixtures, also known as solutions, have a uniform composition throughout. The particles of the different substances are evenly distributed and cannot be visually distinguished. Examples of homogeneous mixtures include saltwater and air.

Heterogeneous Mixtures:
Heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition, with visible differences in the distribution of particles. The components of a heterogeneous mixture can be physically separated, often through techniques such as filtration or decantation. Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include soil, salad dressing, and granite.

Summary:
In summary, matter is classified based on its composition into pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances consist of elements and compounds, while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Understanding the classification of matter helps scientists analyze and manipulate substances for various purposes.