Introduction:
During the reign of Aurangzeb, the peasants in the Mughal Empire suffered greatly due to various reasons. This can be attributed to the policies and actions of Aurangzeb, which had a negative impact on the lives of the peasants.

Economic Policies:
1. Heavy taxation: Aurangzeb imposed heavy taxes on peasants, which led to a significant burden on their already meager income. These taxes included land revenue, crop tax, and other levies, making it difficult for the peasants to make ends meet.
2. Confiscation of land: Aurangzeb confiscated land from peasants who defaulted on their taxes or rebelled against his rule. This resulted in a loss of livelihood for many peasants, as they were deprived of their main source of income and sustenance.
3. State monopolies: Aurangzeb established state monopolies on various goods such as salt, tobacco, and betel nut. This led to an increase in prices, making essential commodities unaffordable for the peasants.

Military Campaigns:
1. Continuous warfare: Aurangzeb engaged in numerous military campaigns to expand and consolidate the Mughal Empire. These campaigns required a significant amount of resources, which were often extracted from the peasants in the form of taxes and forced labor.
2. Plunder and destruction: The military campaigns led to the plunder and destruction of villages and agricultural fields. This resulted in a loss of crops and livestock, further exacerbating the suffering of the peasants.

Religious Policies:
1. Persecution of non-Muslims: Aurangzeb implemented strict Islamic policies, leading to the persecution of non-Muslims. This created an atmosphere of fear and insecurity among the peasants belonging to minority communities.
2. Discrimination against Hindus: Aurangzeb imposed restrictions on Hindu religious practices and demolished temples. This not only affected the religious sentiments of the peasants but also disrupted their social and cultural fabric.

Conclusion:
The sufferings of the peasants during Aurangzeb's reign were a result of his economic policies, military campaigns, and religious policies. The heavy taxation, confiscation of land, and state monopolies imposed economic hardships on the peasants. The continuous warfare, plunder, and destruction further aggravated their plight. Additionally, the religious policies of persecution and discrimination created an environment of fear and insecurity. Overall, these factors led to immense suffering and hardship for the peasants during Aurangzeb's rule.