Which of the following forms a perfect image free from all aberrations?a) plane mirror b) spherical lens c) cylindrical lens d) spherical mirror Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Which of the following forms a perfect image free from all aberrations?a)                                  plane mirror                               b)                                  spherical lens                               c)                                  cylindrical lens                               d)                                  spherical mirror                               Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer

Aberration, in optical systems, such as lenses and curved mirrors, the deviation of light rays through lenses, causing images of objects to be blurred. In an ideal system, every point on the object will focus to a point of zero size on the image. Practically, however, each image point occupies a volume of finite size and unsymmetrical shape, causing some blurring of the whole image. Unlike a plane mirror, which yields images free of aberrations, a lens is an imperfect image producer, becoming ideal only for rays passing through its centre parallel to the optical axis (a line through the centre, perpendicular to the lens surfaces).

Answer

Perfect Image Formation

A perfect image is formed when light rays from a point on an object converge at a single point on the image. The image formed is free from any distortion or aberrations.

Option A: Plane Mirror

A plane mirror is a flat reflective surface that reflects light rays in a predictable manner. It forms a perfect image because the reflected light rays do not converge or diverge, and the image formed is an exact replica of the object.

Option B: Spherical Lens

A spherical lens is a curved lens that can converge or diverge light rays depending on its curvature. However, due to the curvature of the lens, it can introduce aberrations such as spherical aberration, chromatic aberration, and coma. These aberrations can distort the image formed by the lens.

Option C: Cylindrical Lens

A cylindrical lens is a lens that has different curvatures in different directions. It is often used to correct astigmatism, a condition where the eye cannot focus properly on both horizontal and vertical lines. However, like a spherical lens, it can introduce aberrations that can distort the image formed.

Option D: Spherical Mirror

A spherical mirror is a curved reflective surface that can converge or diverge light rays. Like a spherical lens, it can introduce aberrations such as spherical aberration and coma, which can distort the image formed.

Conclusion

A plane mirror forms a perfect image because it does not introduce any aberrations. The reflected light rays do not converge or diverge, and the image formed is an exact replica of the object. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Answer

Aberrations is a fact, an action or a way of behaving that is not typical, and that may be unacceptable. So present in spherical lens, cylendrical lens and spherical mirror.  But plane mirror is free to aberration because it's have infinite focus length.

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