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Name the living components of a cell.?
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Name the living components of a cell.?
Living
1) Cytoplasm:
The substance except nucleus surrounded by the plasma lemma of cell is known as cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic organelles are depicted.
I) Endoplasmic reticulum:
Cytoplasm contains an extensive network of membrane enclosed spaces; these spaces along with the membranes enclosing them are known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Functions:
1) It provides structural base for protein, lipid and phospholipids synthesis.
2) It sorts proteins according to their destination.
3) It provides a control passage for the export of mRNA molecules from nucleus to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
4) Several enzyme molecules, e.g. glucose-6-Phosphatase, AT- Pase etc. are embedded in the membranes of ER.
II) Ribosomes:
Ribosomes are particles of about 200 A diameter; they are composed of RNA and protein. Generally ribosomes are attached to the outer surfaces of ER membranes. This converts smooth ER elements into rough ER.
Function:
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, as mRNA can support protein synthesis only when they are attached to ribosomes.
III) Golgi body:
It consists of 2-7 flat cisternae stacked close to each other. Golgi bodies originate from ER elements.
Function:
A major function of Golgi bodies is protein sorting.
IV) Lysosomes:
Lysosomes are vesicles of 400-800 μm formed by budding of golgi bodies and they contain hydrolytic enzymes.
The main enzyme present in lysosomes is acid phosphatase, other enzymes are acid DNAase, acid RNAase and β galactosidase etc.
Function:
The function of lysosomes is to digest (lyse) the food particles and microorganisms ingested by a cell and also to cause autolysis of cells, if required.
V) Mitochondria:
The term was first used by Benda in 1897 (mitos = thread + chondrian = granule). These are cylindrical bodies with an average diameter of 0.2 to 1 μ and ordinarily 3-10 μ in length.
The average composition of mitochondria is protein: 70%, lipids : 25-30%, RNA : 1% and DNA less than 1%.
Function:
The main function of mitochondria is the oxidation of carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids and the production of ATP.
VI) Plastids (Chloroplast):
Chloroplast contain the single most important pigment on earth i.e. Chlorophyll. They impart the characteristic green color to plants and carry out photosynthesis, the ultimate source of all organic compounds.
Chloroplast is typically biconvex lens shaped of about 5 μ diameter and 3 μ thicknesses. The average cell may have 20-40 chloroplasts.
It consists of protein: 50-59%, lipid : 21-34%, chlorophyll : 5-8 %, carotenoids : 0.7- 1.1%, RNA: 1-7.5% and DNA : 0.2 to 1%.
Function:
The main function of chloroplast is photosynthesis.
VII) Nucleus:
It is a denser, rounded or spherical protoplasmic body enclosed in the protoplasm. Robert Brown (1883) was discovered it for the first time.
On the basis of presence or absence of well defined nucleus, living organisms have been classified into two groups viz. prokaryotes; individuals which do not have well organized nucleus such as viruses, bacteria, blue green algae and eukaryotes; which have very well organized nucleus e.g. plants, animals etc. Its shape and size differs greatly according to size of cell. It is composed of following organelles:
1) Nuclear Membrane:
Nucleus is bounded by a membrane on the outside called nuclear membrane, which is double walled and having numerous minute pores.
It is relatively permeable and may allow large molecules of protein. It breaks down at the end of prophase and is reformed at the end of nuclear division.
2) Nucleoplasm:
It is viscous, non staining, granular, colorless fluid inside the nuclear membrane. It is also known as nuclear sap or karyolymph.
The chromatin network and nucleolus are suspended in it. Nucleoplasm occupies maximum portion of nucleus and composed of protein, RNA and enzymes.
3) Chromatin network:
The threads like bodies forming a reticulum are suspended in nucleoplasm, which are network of chromosomes.
They are long, fine and thread like structures. The numbers of chromosomes are constant in a particular species.
4) Nucleolus:
A spherical round body usually single but may be double. It plays important role in protein synthesis. It is associated with a particular nuclear organizing chromosome.
Functions of nucleus:
1. It is responsible for life.
2. It is controlling centre of all the vital activities of the cell.
3. It takes direct part in growth and cell division.
4. It takes initiative in cell division.
5. It contains chromosomes and genes i.e. hereditary material.
This question is part of UPSC exam. View all Class 8 courses
Most Upvoted Answer
Name the living components of a cell.?
All parts of cell except cell wall like:-
1) endoplasmic reticulum
2) ribosome
3)Golgi apparatus
4) lysosomes
5) mitochondria
6) plastids
7) nucleus
8)plasma membrane or cell membrane
living components of cell is also known as protoplasm
1) endoplasmic reticulum
2) ribosome
3)Golgi apparatus
4) lysosomes
5) mitochondria
6) plastids
7) nucleus
8)plasma membrane or cell membrane
living components of cell is also known as protoplasm
Community Answer
Name the living components of a cell.?
Living Components of a Cell
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It carries out various vital functions necessary for the survival and growth of an organism. The living components of a cell, also known as the cellular organelles, work together to perform specific functions that are essential for the overall functioning of the cell and the organism as a whole.
1. Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with various proteins and molecules that regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
2. Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane. It contains various organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, along with other dissolved substances, such as proteins, ions, and enzymes. It serves as a medium for cellular reactions and provides structural support to the organelles.
3. Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, including DNA. It controls the cell's activities by regulating gene expression and directing the synthesis of proteins. The nucleus also plays a crucial role in cell division.
4. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell. They produce energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria are involved in various metabolic activities and play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs. It is involved in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins and lipids. The ER can be rough, with ribosomes attached, or smooth, without ribosomes, depending on its function.
6. Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER. It consists of a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in intracellular transport and secretion.
7. Lysosomes
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances in a process called autophagy. Lysosomes play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cellular components.
8. Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support and maintains the shape of the cell. It is involved in cell movement, intracellular transport, and the organization of cellular components.
9. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are small organelles composed of RNA and proteins. They are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains according to the instructions encoded in the mRNA.
10. Centrioles
Centrioles are cylindrical structures involved in cell division. They play a crucial role in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It carries out various vital functions necessary for the survival and growth of an organism. The living components of a cell, also known as the cellular organelles, work together to perform specific functions that are essential for the overall functioning of the cell and the organism as a whole.
1. Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with various proteins and molecules that regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
2. Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane. It contains various organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, along with other dissolved substances, such as proteins, ions, and enzymes. It serves as a medium for cellular reactions and provides structural support to the organelles.
3. Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, including DNA. It controls the cell's activities by regulating gene expression and directing the synthesis of proteins. The nucleus also plays a crucial role in cell division.
4. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell. They produce energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria are involved in various metabolic activities and play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs. It is involved in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins and lipids. The ER can be rough, with ribosomes attached, or smooth, without ribosomes, depending on its function.
6. Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER. It consists of a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in intracellular transport and secretion.
7. Lysosomes
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances in a process called autophagy. Lysosomes play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cellular components.
8. Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support and maintains the shape of the cell. It is involved in cell movement, intracellular transport, and the organization of cellular components.
9. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are small organelles composed of RNA and proteins. They are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains according to the instructions encoded in the mRNA.
10. Centrioles
Centrioles are cylindrical structures involved in cell division. They play a crucial role in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
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Name the living components of a cell.?
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Name the living components of a cell.? for Class 8 2024 is part of Class 8 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 8 exam syllabus. Information about Name the living components of a cell.? covers all topics & solutions for Class 8 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Name the living components of a cell.?.
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