Akbar (1542-1605) ranks among the greatest rulers in the history of the world. He is considered as the real founder of the Mughal Empire. Among the medieval rulers, he was the only one who strived for secularism. The firmness and wisdom of his rule won him the title ‘Guardian of Mankind’. He was born in Umarkot, Sind. He was the son of Humayun and Hamida Bai. Akbar adopted a policy of conciliation and conquest towards Rajputs states. He married Jodha Bia, the daughter of a Rajput King, Raja Bihari Mal of Amber. He abolished pilgrim tax Jizyah and tax from non-Muslim in lieu of military service. He had a centralized administration. Akbar promulgated a new creed knows as ‘Din-i-Ilahi’. He patronized Navratra in his court. Akbar had tremendous interest in art, architecture and literature.   

Akbar (Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar, 14 October 1542 – 1605) was the 3rd Mughal Emperor. He was born in Umarkot,(now Pakistan). He was the son of 2nd Mughal Emperor Humayun. Akbarbecame the king in 1556 at the age of 13 when his father died.

Akbar: The Great Mughal Emperor

Akbar, also known as Akbar the Great, was the third Mughal emperor who ruled over the Indian subcontinent from 1556 to 1605. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest rulers in Indian history due to his astute political acumen, social reforms, and patronage of arts and culture. Let us delve into the life and accomplishments of this remarkable ruler.

Early Life and Ascension to the Throne

Akbar was born on October 15, 1542, in Umerkot, Sindh, to Emperor Humayun and his wife Hamida Banu Begum. After his father's death, Akbar ascended to the throne at the tender age of 13. However, his regency was marred by conflicts and power struggles among the nobles, leading to a fragmented kingdom.

Religious Policies and Tolerance

One of Akbar's most notable achievements was his policy of religious tolerance and efforts to promote harmony among different communities. He abolished the discriminatory jizya tax imposed on non-Muslims and encouraged interfaith dialogue. Additionally, Akbar established the "Divine Faith," a syncretic religious movement that blended elements of various faiths, aiming to create a unified belief system.

Administrative Reforms

Akbar was a visionary administrator who introduced several reforms to strengthen his empire. He implemented a centralized administrative structure, divided his empire into provinces called Subahs, and appointed governors to maintain law and order. Akbar also initiated a land revenue system called the "Dahsala," which aimed to ensure equitable taxation and increase state revenue.

Military Exploits and Expansion

Akbar was an able military strategist who expanded his empire through successful military campaigns. He conquered territories in present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India. His notable victories include the annexation of Gujarat, Bengal, and Kashmir. Akbar also strengthened his military forces by introducing new tactics and incorporating foreign artillery.

Patronage of Arts and Culture

Under Akbar's reign, the Mughal Empire experienced a golden age of art, literature, and architecture. He established a royal workshop known as the "atelier," where renowned artists from various backgrounds created masterpieces. Akbar was particularly fond of miniature paintings and encouraged the development of this art form. He also commissioned the construction of magnificent monuments like the Fatehpur Sikri and the Agra Fort.

Legacy

Akbar's reign marked a significant period of cultural and political transformation in India. His policies and reforms laid the foundation for a more inclusive and tolerant society. Akbar's legacy as a great ruler continues to inspire generations, and his contributions to art, architecture, and governance remain unparalleled.

In conclusion, Akbar's reign was characterized by religious tolerance, administrative reforms, military prowess, and patronage of arts and culture. His visionary leadership and inclusive policies have cemented his place as one of the most influential and revered rulers in Indian history.