A member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state is:a)Lutetiumb)Thuliumc)Ceriumd)EuropiumCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Cerium

Answer

Ce( 58) in +4 oxidation state show noble gas configuration so it is well known to exhibit +4 ox state.

Answer

Cerium (Z = 58) is an important member of the lanthanides.

Answer

It is a fact..

Answer

The correct answer is option C
Cerium
Electronic configuration of Ce=[Xe]4f¹5d¹6s²
Formation of Ce⁺⁴ is favoured by its noble gas configuration due to which it shows +4 oxidation state.
It can be easily converted into Ce⁺³, due to which Ce⁺⁴ acts as an oxidising agent.

Answer

Introduction:
The lanthanoid series, also known as the lanthanide series, consists of 15 elements that have similar chemical properties. These elements are part of the f-block in the periodic table and are known for their similarities in electronic configuration and chemical behavior. One of the key characteristics of the lanthanoid series is the ability to exhibit multiple oxidation states.

Explanation:
In the lanthanoid series, the element that is well known to exhibit the 4 oxidation state is Cerium (Ce). Here's why:

Electronic configuration:
Cerium has an atomic number of 58, which means it has 58 electrons. The electron configuration of Cerium is [Xe] 4f15 5d1 6s2. In its ground state, Cerium has one electron in the 5d orbital, which makes it relatively easy for Cerium to lose four electrons and exhibit the +4 oxidation state.

Stability of +4 oxidation state:
The +4 oxidation state of Cerium is relatively stable due to the balance between the number of electrons and protons. Cerium has a partially filled 4f orbital, which makes it energetically favorable for Cerium to lose four electrons and achieve a more stable configuration.

Other oxidation states:
Apart from the +4 oxidation state, Cerium can also exhibit other oxidation states, including +3 and +2. The +3 oxidation state is the most common, while the +2 oxidation state is less common. These oxidation states are achieved by the loss of three and two electrons, respectively.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Cerium is a member of the lanthanoid series that is well known to exhibit the +4 oxidation state. Its electronic configuration and the stability of the +4 oxidation state contribute to Cerium's ability to exhibit this oxidation state. The other oxidation states of Cerium include +3 and +2, but the +4 oxidation state is the most significant and well-known.

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