A cupola or cupola furnace is a melting device used in foundries that can be used to melt cast iron, Ni-resist iron and some bronzes. The cupola can be made almost any practical size.

The cupola is a type of furnace that is commonly used for the production of cast iron. It is a tall, cylindrical structure that is made of steel plates and lined with refractory bricks. The cupola furnace is known for its simplicity and efficiency in melting iron and producing molten metal that can be poured into molds to create various cast iron products.

The cupola furnace operates on the principle of combustion. It uses coke, a form of carbon, as a fuel source, along with air for combustion. The fuel and air are introduced through openings near the bottom of the furnace, and the combustion process generates high temperatures inside the cupola. The intense heat melts the iron ore, which is the raw material for cast iron, and other additives such as limestone and scrap iron are also added to the furnace to facilitate the melting process.

Once the iron ore and additives are melted, the impurities known as slag float to the top of the molten metal, and they can be easily removed. The molten metal is then tapped from the bottom of the cupola and poured into molds to create cast iron products of various shapes and sizes.

The cupola furnace has several advantages that make it suitable for the production of cast iron:
1. Simplicity: The cupola furnace is a relatively simple and straightforward design, which makes it easier to operate and maintain compared to other types of furnaces.
2. Efficiency: The cupola furnace is known for its high thermal efficiency, meaning that it can convert a large portion of the fuel's energy into heat, resulting in a more efficient melting process.
3. Flexibility: The cupola furnace can accommodate a wide range of raw materials, including different types of iron ore and additives, allowing for flexibility in the production process.
4. Cost-effectiveness: The cupola furnace is a cost-effective option for small to medium-scale foundries, as it does not require complex equipment or extensive infrastructure.

In conclusion, the cupola furnace is used to manufacture cast iron. Its simple design, efficiency, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness make it a popular choice for the production of cast iron products in various industries.