The following reactions are spontaneous and thus proceed to the right ...
**Explanation:**
The coordination compound K2[Cu(CN)4] contains a central copper ion (Cu2+), surrounded by four cyanide ions (CN-) as ligands. In this compound, a coordinate covalent bond exists between the copper ion and the cyanide ligands.
**Coordinate Covalent Bond:**
A coordinate covalent bond is a type of covalent bond in which one atom donates a pair of electrons to another atom. This results in the formation of a shared electron pair, where one atom acts as a Lewis base (electron donor) and the other atom acts as a Lewis acid (electron acceptor).
**Cu2+ as Lewis Acid:**
In K2[Cu(CN)4], the copper ion (Cu2+) acts as a Lewis acid because it can accept a pair of electrons. The copper ion has an incomplete d orbital, which allows it to accept the electron pair from the cyanide ligands.
**CN- as Lewis Base:**
The cyanide ion (CN-) acts as a Lewis base because it can donate a pair of electrons. The carbon atom in the cyanide ion has a lone pair of electrons, which can be donated to form a coordinate covalent bond.
**Formation of Coordinate Covalent Bond:**
When the cyanide ligands approach the copper ion, the lone pair of electrons on the carbon atom of CN- forms a coordinate covalent bond with the copper ion. The carbon atom donates its lone pair to the copper ion, resulting in the formation of a shared electron pair and a stable coordination complex.
**Importance of Coordinate Covalent Bond:**
The coordinate covalent bond between the copper ion and the cyanide ligands is essential for the stability and structure of the coordination compound. It allows the copper ion to form a stable complex with the cyanide ligands and determines the geometry and properties of the compound.
**Conclusion:**
In the coordination compound K2[Cu(CN)4], a coordinate covalent bond exists between the copper ion (Cu2+) and the cyanide ligands (CN-). The copper ion acts as a Lewis acid, accepting a pair of electrons from the cyanide ligands, which act as Lewis bases. This bond is crucial for the stability and structure of the compound.
The following reactions are spontaneous and thus proceed to the right ...
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