The Circle of Justice

The concept of the "circle of justice" was introduced by Alauddin Khalji, one of the most powerful sultans of the Delhi Sultanate. It referred to the idea that the ruler's power depended on the well-being of his subjects, particularly the peasantry. This concept was an integral part of Alauddin Khalji's administrative policy and was aimed at maintaining social harmony and stability in the kingdom.

Importance for Military Commanders to Keep the Interests of the Peasantry in Mind

1. Economic Prosperity: The peasantry formed the backbone of the economy during medieval times. Their agricultural activities generated revenue and provided sustenance for the entire kingdom. Neglecting their interests could lead to a decline in agricultural productivity, resulting in economic instability.

2. Military Strength: A strong military was crucial for the stability and security of the kingdom. The peasantry, as the main source of revenue, funded the maintenance and expansion of the army. Neglecting their welfare would reduce their willingness to pay taxes and contribute to the military, undermining the military strength of the kingdom.

3. Social Stability: The peasantry constituted the majority of the population and any dissatisfaction among them could lead to social unrest and rebellion. Maintaining their trust and well-being was essential for social stability and preventing uprisings that could weaken the kingdom.

4. Tax Collection: The peasantry was the primary source of tax revenue for the state. Neglecting their interests could result in a decrease in tax compliance, leading to a decline in state revenue and weakening the administration.

5. Popular Support: A ruler needed the support and loyalty of his subjects to govern effectively. By keeping the interests of the peasantry in mind, military commanders could gain popular support and strengthen their legitimacy as rulers.

6. Long-term Stability: The welfare of the peasantry was crucial for the long-term stability of the kingdom. Neglecting their interests could lead to a decline in population, agricultural output, and overall development, ultimately weakening the kingdom's foundations.

By considering the welfare of the peasantry, military commanders could ensure the overall well-being, stability, and prosperity of the kingdom. Alauddin Khalji's emphasis on the circle of justice helped him establish a strong and stable administration, leading to his successful reign as a powerful sultan of the Delhi Sultanate.