What is the structural and functional unit of liver ?

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The structure of the liver's functional units or lobules. Blood enters the lobules through branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery proper, then flows through sinusoids. A hepatic lobule is a small division of the liver defined at the microscopic (histological scale).

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The hepatic lobule is the structural and functional unit of liver.

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Hepatic lobules are the structural and functional unit of liver

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Hippetic lobule

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Hepatic lobule

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Hepatic lobules covered by Glisson's capsule are the structural and functional unit of liver

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The Structural and Functional Unit of the Liver: Liver Lobules

The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous functions such as detoxification, metabolism, storage, and synthesis. To efficiently carry out these functions, the liver is organized into basic structural units called liver lobules.

Structure of Liver Lobules

Liver lobules are hexagonal-shaped microscopic units that form the bulk of the liver tissue. They are approximately 1-2 mm in size and are composed of several specialized cell types, blood vessels, and connective tissue.

- Hepatocytes: The main cell type within the liver lobules is hepatocytes. These highly specialized cells are arranged in a radial pattern around a central vein, forming plates or cords. Hepatocytes are involved in various metabolic processes, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production.
- Portal Triads: At each corner of the lobule, there is a portal triad consisting of a branch of the hepatic artery, a branch of the hepatic portal vein, and a bile duct. These structures transport oxygen, nutrients, and bile into and out of the liver lobules.
- Sinusoids: Sinusoids are thin-walled blood vessels located between the hepatocyte plates. They receive blood from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery, allowing the liver to filter and process nutrients, toxins, and waste products.
- Kupffer Cells: Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located within the sinusoids. They play a crucial role in immune defense by phagocytosing foreign particles, bacteria, and damaged cells.
- Space of Disse: The space of Disse is a narrow space between the hepatocytes and sinusoids. It contains a mixture of blood and lymph, facilitating the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and hormones between the blood and hepatocytes.

Function of Liver Lobules

Liver lobules perform several essential functions that contribute to overall liver function and homeostasis.

- Metabolism: Hepatocytes within the lobules are responsible for the metabolism of various substances, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. They convert nutrients into usable forms, store excess energy, and synthesize essential molecules.
- Detoxification: The liver lobules play a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances, such as drugs, alcohol, and metabolic waste products. Hepatocytes break down and eliminate these toxins through processes like oxidation, conjugation, and excretion.
- Bile Production: Hepatocytes secrete bile, a substance necessary for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Bile flows through the bile canaliculi, small channels between hepatocytes, and eventually reaches the bile ducts within the portal triads.
- Storage: Liver lobules store various substances, including vitamins, minerals, glycogen, and iron. These stored molecules can be released into the bloodstream when needed by the body.
- Immunological Functions: Kupffer cells within the lobules play a vital role in immune defense by engulfing and destroying pathogens, foreign particles, and cellular debris.

In conclusion, liver lobules are the structural and functional units of the liver. Their organization and specialized cells allow for efficient metabolism

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Hepatic lobule is the structural and functional unit of liver

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Hippatic lobula

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Hepatic lobule.....!

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Alveoli

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Lobules

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