Explanation: Microcontrollers are the CPUs which have integrated memory and peripherals but microprocessor possesses external chips for memory.

Microcontroller: CPUs with Integrated Memory and Peripheral Interfaces

A microcontroller refers to a small computing device that integrates a microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) peripherals onto a single chip. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems, which are computer systems designed for specific tasks and functions. Microcontrollers differ from microprocessors, which only contain a CPU and some support circuits, and require additional components such as memory and peripheral interfaces to form a complete system.

Integrated Memory

One of the key features of microcontrollers is their integrated memory, which allows the device to store instructions and data without requiring external memory chips. The memory on a microcontroller is typically divided into separate blocks for program code (flash memory) and data (RAM). The amount of memory on a microcontroller can vary depending on the specific device, but it is generally smaller than that of a typical computer system.

Peripheral Interfaces

In addition to integrated memory, microcontrollers also include a variety of peripheral interfaces that allow the device to interact with the outside world. These interfaces can include digital and analog input/output ports, timers, serial communication ports, and other specialized interfaces depending on the intended application.

Advantages of Microcontrollers

The integration of a microprocessor, memory, and peripheral interfaces onto a single chip provides several advantages over traditional computer systems, including:

- Reduced cost: The use of a single chip for all components reduces the cost of manufacturing and assembling the device.
- Reduced power consumption: Microcontrollers are designed to operate on low power, making them ideal for battery-powered devices.
- Reduced size: The small size of microcontrollers makes them ideal for use in compact devices where space is limited.
- Real-time processing: Microcontrollers are designed for real-time processing, making them suitable for applications that require rapid response times.

Conclusion

Microcontrollers are a type of computing device that integrates a microprocessor, memory, and peripheral interfaces onto a single chip. These devices are commonly used in embedded systems and offer several advantages over traditional computer systems, including reduced cost, power consumption, and size, as well as real-time processing capabilities.

Option a is correct.
microcontrollers are the CPUs which have integrated memory and peripherals but microprocessor possesses external chips for memory