Inallene(C3H4), the type(s) ofhybridisationof the carbon atoms is (are)a)sp and sp3b)sp and sp2c)Only sp2d)sp2and sp3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

S - P Hybridisation -

When one S - and one P - orbital belonging to the same main shell of an atom are mixed together to form two new SP - orbitals.

-wherein

shapes

Diagonal or Linear

sp2 Hybridisation -

When one s - and two p - orbitals of the same shell of an atom mix to form three new equivalent orbitals.The hybridised orbital is called sp2 orbital.

- wherein

Shape is Trigonal planar

Answer

Answer

You are asking about C3H4.I.e propadiene..it belongs to cumulated diene popularly known as allenes..and here there are 3 carbon atoms..for hybridisation,I mainly look into the number of sigma bonds that each carbon atom contains..so for the 1st carbon atom there are 3 sigma bonds..2 C-H and 1 C-C bond..so the hybridisation is SP2 ..I.e 3 sp2 hybridised orbital is there...For the 2nd carbon atom,there are 2 sigma bonds.ie 2 C-Cbond..so the hybridisation is sp.
2 sp hybridised orbital..3rd carbon atom is similar to 1st one and thus having sp3 hybridisation

Answer

Explanation:

In the molecule of allene (C3H4), there are two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom is bonded to two other atoms, which means they have a valency of 2. The carbon atoms in allene are sp hybridized.

Hybridization of carbon atoms in allene:
- For each carbon atom in allene, one of the 2s orbitals and one of the 2p orbitals combine to form two sp hybrid orbitals.
- The remaining two 2p orbitals on each carbon atom remain unhybridized.
- The sp hybrid orbitals on each carbon atom form sigma bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom, resulting in a linear arrangement of the atoms.

Explanation of option B:
Option B states that the carbon atoms in allene are sp and sp2 hybridized. This is correct because:
- One of the carbon atoms in allene is sp hybridized. The sp hybrid orbital forms sigma bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom.
- The other carbon atom in allene is sp2 hybridized. The sp2 hybrid orbitals form sigma bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom.

Explanation of other options:
- Option A (sp and sp3 hybridization): This is incorrect because the carbon atoms in allene are not sp3 hybridized. Instead, they are sp and sp2 hybridized.
- Option C (only sp2 hybridization): This is incorrect because the carbon atoms in allene are not only sp2 hybridized. One carbon atom is sp hybridized and the other is sp2 hybridized.
- Option D (sp2 and sp3 hybridization): This is incorrect because the carbon atoms in allene are not sp3 hybridized. Instead, one carbon atom is sp hybridized and the other is sp2 hybridized.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B (sp and sp2 hybridization) as it accurately describes the hybridization of carbon atoms in allene (C3H4).

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