Introduction
In Chapter 5 of the English Flamingo textbook for Class 12, titled "Indigo," the author explores the theme of courage and the development of the peasants' courage during the indigo revolt. The chapter highlights the challenges faced by the peasants and their journey towards acquiring courage.

The Peasants' Initial Situation
- The peasants were oppressed by the British indigo planters.
- They were forced to cultivate indigo on their land, leading to the destruction of their own crops.
- The planters exploited the peasants by paying them meager wages and imposing harsh working conditions.
- The peasants were afraid to stand up against the planters due to fear of punishment and reprisals.

The Spark of Courage
- The peasants' courage began to emerge when they witnessed the uprising of their fellow peasants in other villages.
- They saw their counterparts refusing to cultivate indigo and standing up against the planters.
- This inspired hope and sparked the initial courage among the peasants in their own village.

Leadership and Unity
- The presence of leaders like Bishamber and Hazari helped in organizing the peasants and instilling courage in them.
- These leaders encouraged the peasants to resist the planters and fight for their rights.
- The unity among the peasants played a significant role in strengthening their courage.
- They realized that standing together would increase their chances of success and reduce the fear of individual punishment.

Overcoming Fear
- Initially, the peasants were fearful of the consequences of their rebellion.
- However, as they gained more courage, they started to overcome their fear.
- They understood that the planters' power was not invincible and that united resistance could bring about change.
- The belief in their cause and the desire for a better life helped them overcome their fear.

Confrontation and Persistence
- The peasants confronted the planters by refusing to cultivate indigo and demanding fair treatment.
- They persisted in their rebellion, even in the face of threats and violence from the planters.
- This persistence showcased their growing courage and determination to bring about change.

The Outcome
- The revolt of the peasants resulted in negotiations between the planters and the peasants' representatives.
- The planters agreed to improve the peasants' conditions and pay fair wages.
- This outcome reinforced the peasants' courage and belief in their ability to challenge oppression.

In conclusion, the peasants learned courage through witnessing the rebellion of their counterparts, the guidance of leaders, the unity among themselves, overcoming fear, and persistent resistance against the planters. The indigo revolt became a significant turning point in their lives, empowering them to fight for their rights and improve their living conditions.