Principle of Scientific Management Applied to Books in Library:

1. Standardization: In a library, the principle of standardization can be applied to organizing and categorizing books. This involves creating a standardized system for classifying books based on their genre, author, or subject matter. By implementing a standardized system, it becomes easier for library staff and users to locate and retrieve books efficiently.

2. Time and Motion Study: This principle can be applied to the process of shelving books in the library. By analyzing the sequence of movements involved in shelving books and identifying any unnecessary or inefficient steps, library staff can optimize their workflow. This may include arranging books in a logical order, using trolleys or carts for transportation, and implementing efficient shelving techniques.

3. Division of Labor: The principle of division of labor can be applied to the tasks involved in managing books in the library. This involves assigning specific responsibilities to different individuals or departments based on their expertise. For example, one person or team may be responsible for cataloging and classifying books, while another may handle circulation and loan services. This division of labor improves efficiency and specialization in performing tasks.

4. Training and Development: To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of library staff, the principle of training and development should be followed. Library personnel should be provided with appropriate training on how to handle books, use library systems, and assist users effectively. This ensures that staff members have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their duties efficiently.

Principle of Scientific Management Applied to Deciding the Duration of Lessons:

1. Time Study: The principle of time study can be applied to determine the optimal duration of lessons. This involves analyzing the average time required for students to grasp and understand the content being taught. By conducting time studies, educators can identify the ideal duration that maximizes learning outcomes and minimizes unnecessary time wastage.

2. Work Measurement: Work measurement techniques can be employed to assess the amount of content that can be effectively covered within a specific duration of a lesson. This involves breaking down the lesson content into manageable units and estimating the time required for each unit. By measuring the workload and time required for different topics or activities, educators can plan lessons that are balanced and well-paced.

3. Efficiency and Productivity: The principle of efficiency and productivity can guide the decision-making process for lesson duration. Educators should aim to create lessons that optimize the use of instructional time, allowing for meaningful learning experiences. This may involve eliminating unnecessary activities or content that do not contribute significantly to the overall learning objectives.

4. Continuous Improvement: Following the principle of continuous improvement, educators should regularly evaluate and adjust the duration of lessons based on feedback and student performance. By collecting data on student engagement, comprehension, and progress, educators can identify areas for improvement and make necessary modifications to the duration of lessons to enhance learning outcomes.

Book of library - cooperation not individualism