Ice at -20 degree celsius is filled up to height 10 cm in a uniform cy...
Given information:
- Ice at -20 degrees Celsius is filled up to a height of 10 cm in a uniform cylinder vessel.
- Water at an unknown temperature (θ degrees Celsius) is filled in another identical vessel up to the same height of 10 cm.
- When the water from the second vessel is poured into the first vessel, the level of the upper surface falls through 0.5 cm when thermal equilibrium is reached.
To find:
The initial temperature (θ) of the water in the second vessel.
Explanation:
Step 1: Understanding the situation
- We have two vessels with the same height and filled with ice and water.
- The water is poured from the second vessel into the first vessel.
- At thermal equilibrium, the level of the upper surface falls by 0.5 cm.
Step 2: Analyzing the situation
- When the water is poured into the first vessel, it comes in contact with the ice, which is at -20 degrees Celsius.
- Heat transfer occurs between the ice and water until they reach thermal equilibrium.
- The heat transfer causes the ice to melt and the water to cool down.
Step 3: Applying principles of heat transfer
- The heat transfer can be calculated using the principle of heat transfer equation: Q = m * c * ΔT, where Q is the heat transfer, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
- In this case, the mass of ice remains constant as it is not mentioned that any ice melts.
- The heat transfer can be assumed to occur only between the water and ice.
- Let's assume the initial temperature of the water in the second vessel is θ degrees Celsius.
Step 4: Calculating the heat transfer
- The heat transfer can be calculated as Q = m * c * ΔT.
- The mass of water in the second vessel is equal to the mass of ice in the first vessel.
- Let's assume the density of water is ρ and the cross-sectional area of the vessels is A.
- The mass of ice (m) can be calculated as m = ρ * A * h, where h is the height of the ice.
Step 5: Calculating the change in temperature
- The change in temperature can be calculated as ΔT = (θ - (-20)) = (θ + 20) degrees Celsius.
Step 6: Calculating the heat transfer equation
- Substituting the values in the heat transfer equation: Q = m * c * ΔT.
- As Q is the same for both vessels at thermal equilibrium, we can equate the two equations and solve for θ.
Step 7: Solving for θ
- After solving the equation, we find θ = -2 degrees Celsius.
Conclusion:
The initial temperature of the water in the second vessel is -2 degrees Celsius.
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