Predict the shape of molecule using VSEPR theory:a)TBPb)See-Sawc)Octah...
The electron geometry of IF4+ is trigonal bipyramidal. This is because it has five total electron groups. The central atom is bonded to four other atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. The lone pair of electrons will affect the molecular geometry of the compound as well as the bond angles.
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Predict the shape of molecule using VSEPR theory:a)TBPb)See-Sawc)Octah...
**Explanation:**
The shape of a molecule can be predicted using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. According to this theory, electron pairs (both bonding and non-bonding) around the central atom repel each other and try to get as far away from each other as possible.
In the case of IF4-, the central atom is iodine (I). Let's determine the electron-pair and molecular geometry of IF4- using the VSEPR theory:
**1. Draw the Lewis structure:**
To determine the electron-pair and molecular geometry, we first need to draw the Lewis structure of IF4-.
Iodine (I) is the central atom and it has 7 valence electrons. Fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons each. Since there are 4 fluorine atoms, the total number of valence electrons in IF4- is:
7 (Iodine) + 4(7) (4 Fluorine) + 1 (extra electron) = 36 valence electrons
To satisfy the octet rule, iodine needs 8 valence electrons. Therefore, it needs 1 more electron, which it gets from the extra electron (-1 charge).
The Lewis structure of IF4- is as follows:
I: 7 valence electrons
F: 7 valence electrons each (4 F atoms)
Extra electron: 1 valence electron
The extra electron forms a lone pair on iodine, and each fluorine atom forms a single bond with iodine.
**2. Determine the electron-pair geometry:**
To determine the electron-pair geometry, we consider both the bonding and non-bonding electron pairs around the central atom. In IF4-, there are 4 bonding pairs (the single bonds between iodine and fluorine) and 1 non-bonding pair (the lone pair on iodine).
The electron-pair geometry is determined by the total number of electron pairs (bonding and non-bonding) around the central atom. In this case, there are 5 electron pairs (4 bonding pairs + 1 non-bonding pair).
**3. Determine the molecular geometry:**
The molecular geometry is determined by the arrangement of the bonding electron pairs around the central atom.
In IF4-, the bonding electron pairs are arranged in a trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) arrangement. This means that the 4 fluorine atoms are arranged in a plane around the central iodine atom, with bond angles of 120°.
However, we also need to consider the lone pair on iodine. The presence of a lone pair causes distortions in the molecular geometry. In this case, the lone pair on iodine occupies one of the equatorial positions, resulting in a see-saw shape. The bond angles between the fluorine atoms and the iodine atom will be less than 120° due to the repulsion from the lone pair.
Therefore, the shape of the IF4- molecule is See-Saw (option b).
Predict the shape of molecule using VSEPR theory:a)TBPb)See-Sawc)Octah...