Biological hazards include microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds and parasites. Some of these are pathogens or may produce toxins. A pathogenic microorganism causes disease and can vary in the degree of severity. Examples of biological hazards include Salmonella, E. coli and Clostridium botulinum.Chemical hazards vary in the aspect of production they are related to. Some potential chemical hazards could be prior to a processor receiving product, such as the improper use of pesticides or antimicrobial residues. Others could be chemicals used on processing equipment such as oils used on equipment or sanitizers. Physical hazards include objects that are hard or sharp such as glass, metal, plastic, stones, pits, wood, or even bone. Physical hazards can lead to injuries such as choking, cuts, or broken teeth. Some foreign material in food products may not be a physical hazard but rather an undesirable foreign material such as hair, insects, or sand that are not likely to cause injuries.

Chemical Hazards:

Chemical hazards refer to substances or mixtures that have the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment due to their chemical properties. These hazards can be found in various settings, including workplaces, homes, and public areas. Chemical hazards can arise from industrial processes, transportation accidents, or the use of hazardous substances in everyday products.

Physical Hazards:

Physical hazards are environmental factors that can cause harm or injury without involving any chemical or biological substances. These hazards typically arise from sources such as extreme temperatures, noise, radiation, and mechanical energy. Physical hazards can be present in workplaces, homes, and public spaces, and they can pose risks to both human health and safety.

Biological Hazards:

Biological hazards are living organisms or their byproducts that can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment. These hazards include microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Biological hazards can be found in various settings, including healthcare facilities, laboratories, agricultural environments, and natural ecosystems. Exposure to biological hazards can lead to infectious diseases, allergic reactions, or other adverse health effects.

Differences:

1. Nature:
- Chemical hazards are associated with harmful substances or mixtures with specific chemical properties.
- Physical hazards arise from environmental factors that can cause harm or injury without involving chemicals.
- Biological hazards involve living organisms or their byproducts that can pose risks to human health.

2. Source:
- Chemical hazards can originate from industrial processes, transportation accidents, or the use of hazardous substances in everyday products.
- Physical hazards can arise from extreme temperatures, noise, radiation, or mechanical energy.
- Biological hazards can be found in healthcare settings, laboratories, agricultural environments, and natural ecosystems.

3. Impact:
- Chemical hazards can cause direct harm through chemical reactions, toxic exposures, or fires and explosions.
- Physical hazards can cause injuries, accidents, or physical trauma.
- Biological hazards can lead to infectious diseases, allergic reactions, or other adverse health effects.

4. Prevention and Control:
- Chemical hazards can be controlled through proper handling, storage, and use of hazardous substances, as well as the implementation of safety protocols.
- Physical hazards can be mitigated through the use of protective equipment, engineering controls, and adherence to safety guidelines.
- Biological hazards can be prevented or controlled through practices such as vaccination, proper hygiene, disinfection, and containment measures.

In summary, chemical hazards involve harmful substances, physical hazards arise from environmental factors, and biological hazards involve living organisms. Each type of hazard requires specific preventive measures and control strategies to ensure the health and safety of individuals and the environment.