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Aerobic method of composting practised in India is called
- a)Bangalore method
- b)Nagpur method
- c)Delhi method
- d)Indore method
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Aerobic method of composting practised in India is calleda)Bangalore m...
Indian Coimbatore method
This method (Manickam, 1967) involves digging a pit (360 cm long x 180 cm wide x 90 cm deep) in a shaded area (length can vary according to the volume of waste materials available). Farm wastes such as straw, vegetable refuse, weeds and leaves are spread to a thickness of 15-20 cm. Wet animal dung is spread over this layer to a thickness of 5 cm. Water is sprinkled to moisten the material (50-60 percent of mass). This procedure is repeated until the whole mass reaches a height of 60 cm above ground. It is then plastered with mud, and anaerobic decomposition commences. In four weeks, the mass becomes reduced and the heap flattens. The mud plaster is removed and the entire mass is turned. Aerobic decomposition commences in at this stage. Water is sprinkled to keep the material moist. The compost is ready for use after four months.
Indian Indorepit method
An important advance in the practice of composting was made at Indore in India by Howard in the mid-1920s. The traditional procedure was systematized into a method of composting now known as the Indore method (FAO, 1980).
Raw materials
The raw materials used are mixed plant residues, animal dung and urine, earth, wood ash and water. All organic material wastes available on a farm, such as weeds, stalks, stems, fallen leaves, prunings, chaff and fodder leftovers, are collected and stacked in a pile. Hard woody material such as cotton and pigeon-pea stalks and stubble are first spread on the farm road and crushed under vehicles such as tractors or bullock carts before being piled. Such hard materials should not exceed 10 percent of the total plant residues. Green materials, which are soft and succulent, are allowed to wilt for two to three days in order to remove excess moisture before stacking; they tend to pack closely when stacked in the fresh state. The mixture of different kinds of organic material residues ensures a more efficient decomposition. While stacking, each type of material is spread in layers about 15 cm thick until the heap is about 1.5 m high. The heap is then cut into vertical slices and about 20-25 kg are put under the feet of cattle in the shed as bedding for the night. The next morning, the bedding, along with the dung and urine and urine-earth, is taken to the pits where the composting is to be done.
Pit site and size
The site of the compost pit should be at a level high enough to prevent rainwater from entering in the monsoon season; it should be near the cattle shed and a water source. A temporary shed may be constructed over it to protect the compost from heavy rainfall. The pit should be about 1 m deep, 1.5-2 m wide, and of a suitable length.
Filling the pit
The material brought from the cattle shed is spread in the pit in even layers of 10-15 cm. A slurry made from 4.5 kg of dung, 3.5 kg of urine-earth and 4.5 kg of inoculum from a 15-day-old composting pit is spread on each layer. Sufficient water is sprinkled over the material in the pit to wet it. The pit is filled in this way, layer by layer, and it should not take longer than one week to fill. Care should be taken to avoid compacting the material in any way.
Turning
The material is turned three times while in the pit during the whole period of composting: the first time 15 days after filling the pit; the second after another 15 days; and the third after another month. At each turning, the material is mixed thoroughly and moistened with water.
Most Upvoted Answer
Aerobic method of composting practised in India is calleda)Bangalore m...
Indore Method of Composting
The aerobic method of composting practised in India is called the Indore method. It was developed by Sir Albert Howard, who was an English agriculturist. The Indore method of composting involves the use of organic waste materials, which are mixed together and allowed to decompose in a controlled manner. The end result is a nutrient-rich fertilizer that can be used to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
Process of Indore Method
The process of Indore method of composting involves the following steps:
1. Preparation of Compost Pits: Large compost pits are dug, which are about 3 feet deep, 6 feet wide and 10 feet long.
2. Layering: The organic waste materials, such as crop residues, animal manure, and kitchen waste, are layered in the pit.
3. Turning: The compost is turned every 10-15 days to ensure that it is aerated and the decomposition process is efficient.
4. Moisture Management: The compost pile is watered periodically to maintain the moisture content, which should be around 50-60%.
5. Temperature Monitoring: The temperature of the compost pile is monitored regularly to ensure that it is within the optimal range of 55-65°C.
6. Completion: The compost is considered complete when it is dark brown, has a crumbly texture, and has an earthy smell. It usually takes 6-8 weeks for the compost to be ready.
Advantages of Indore Method
The Indore method of composting has several advantages:
1. It is a low-cost method of producing organic fertilizer.
2. It helps to reduce the amount of organic waste that is sent to landfills, which can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
3. The compost produced is rich in nutrients and can help to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
4. It is a sustainable method of agriculture that can help to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Conclusion
The Indore method of composting is an effective way to recycle organic waste materials and produce a nutrient-rich fertilizer. It is a sustainable method of agriculture that can help to improve soil fertility, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote healthy plant growth.
The aerobic method of composting practised in India is called the Indore method. It was developed by Sir Albert Howard, who was an English agriculturist. The Indore method of composting involves the use of organic waste materials, which are mixed together and allowed to decompose in a controlled manner. The end result is a nutrient-rich fertilizer that can be used to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
Process of Indore Method
The process of Indore method of composting involves the following steps:
1. Preparation of Compost Pits: Large compost pits are dug, which are about 3 feet deep, 6 feet wide and 10 feet long.
2. Layering: The organic waste materials, such as crop residues, animal manure, and kitchen waste, are layered in the pit.
3. Turning: The compost is turned every 10-15 days to ensure that it is aerated and the decomposition process is efficient.
4. Moisture Management: The compost pile is watered periodically to maintain the moisture content, which should be around 50-60%.
5. Temperature Monitoring: The temperature of the compost pile is monitored regularly to ensure that it is within the optimal range of 55-65°C.
6. Completion: The compost is considered complete when it is dark brown, has a crumbly texture, and has an earthy smell. It usually takes 6-8 weeks for the compost to be ready.
Advantages of Indore Method
The Indore method of composting has several advantages:
1. It is a low-cost method of producing organic fertilizer.
2. It helps to reduce the amount of organic waste that is sent to landfills, which can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
3. The compost produced is rich in nutrients and can help to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
4. It is a sustainable method of agriculture that can help to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Conclusion
The Indore method of composting is an effective way to recycle organic waste materials and produce a nutrient-rich fertilizer. It is a sustainable method of agriculture that can help to improve soil fertility, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote healthy plant growth.
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Aerobic method of composting practised in India is calleda)Bangalore methodb)Nagpur methodc)Delhi methodd)Indore methodCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Aerobic method of composting practised in India is calleda)Bangalore methodb)Nagpur methodc)Delhi methodd)Indore methodCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus. Information about Aerobic method of composting practised in India is calleda)Bangalore methodb)Nagpur methodc)Delhi methodd)Indore methodCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Aerobic method of composting practised in India is calleda)Bangalore methodb)Nagpur methodc)Delhi methodd)Indore methodCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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