Secondary effects in chemistry refer to the additional consequences or outcomes that occur as a result of a primary event or process. In the given options, the secondary effects are:

b) Rise in temperature
c) Fluorescence
d) Phosphorescence

Let's discuss each of these secondary effects in detail:

Rise in temperature:
When energy is supplied to a system, such as through heat transfer or a chemical reaction, it can lead to a rise in temperature. This increase in thermal energy causes the molecules within the system to move more rapidly, resulting in an elevation of the system's temperature. The rise in temperature is a secondary effect because it is not the primary event or process but rather a consequence of it.

Fluorescence:
Fluorescence is a secondary effect that occurs when a substance absorbs electromagnetic radiation, typically in the ultraviolet range, and then emits light of a longer wavelength, typically in the visible range. This phenomenon is observed in certain compounds called fluorophores, which have the ability to absorb energy and re-emit it as light. The absorption of energy excites the electrons in the fluorophore to higher energy levels, and when they return to their ground state, they release energy in the form of light. Fluorescence is a secondary effect as it is not the direct result of the primary event or process but rather a subsequent emission of light due to energy absorption.

Phosphorescence:
Phosphorescence is another secondary effect similar to fluorescence, but with a longer duration of light emission. It occurs when a substance absorbs energy and then releases it slowly over a longer period of time. The excited electrons in the substance can undergo intersystem crossing, which allows them to occupy a long-lived triplet excited state. This triplet state has a lower probability of returning to the ground state, resulting in a delayed emission of light. Phosphorescence is a secondary effect as it is not the immediate outcome of the primary event or process but rather a delayed emission of light due to energy absorption.

In summary, the rise in temperature, fluorescence, and phosphorescence are all secondary effects in chemistry. They are subsequent consequences or outcomes that occur as a result of primary events or processes.