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If two numerically equal forces P & P acting at a 
point produce a resultant force of magnitude P itself, 
then the angle between the two original forces is
  • a)
  • b)
  • c)
     
  • d)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Understanding the Problem
In this scenario, we have two forces, both of the same magnitude, denoted as P. When these forces are applied at a certain angle, they yield a resultant force also equal to P.
Using the Law of Cosines
To find the angle between the two forces, we use the Law of Cosines, which states that for two vectors A and B forming an angle θ, the magnitude of their resultant R can be expressed as:
R² = A² + B² + 2AB * cos(θ)
In our case:
- A = P
- B = P
- R = P
Thus, we can substitute these values into the equation:
P² = P² + P² + 2(P)(P)cos(θ)
Simplifying the Equation
Upon simplification, we have:
P² = 2P² + 2P²cos(θ)
Rearranging gives:
0 = P² + 2P²cos(θ)
This leads to:
-2P²cos(θ) = -P²
Dividing through by P² (since P is not zero), we find:
cos(θ) = -1/2
Finding the Angle
The cosine of an angle being -1/2 corresponds to specific angles on the unit circle. The angle that satisfies this condition is:
θ = 120°
Thus, the angle between the two forces is 120°, confirming that the correct answer is option 'D'.
Conclusion
The forces P and P acting at an angle of 120° produce a resultant force equal to their individual magnitudes, P.
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