The Nayanar movement was a devotional movement that emerged in the southern part of India during the 6th to 9th centuries CE. It was a crucial aspect of the Bhakti movement in South India, which emphasized intense devotion and love towards a personal deity. The Nayanars were a group of 63 poet-saints who composed devotional hymns and songs in Tamil, praising Lord Shiva. Their purpose was multi-faceted and can be understood from various perspectives.

Preservation and Revival of Shaivism:
One of the primary purposes of the Nayanar movement was to preserve and revive the Shaiva tradition. During this period, there was a decline in the prominence of Shaivism and the rise of other sects. The Nayanars played a significant role in re-establishing the glory of Shaivism by composing devotional literature and spreading the teachings of Shaiva philosophy. Their hymns and songs not only celebrated Lord Shiva but also conveyed profound spiritual teachings.

Promotion of Bhakti:
Another purpose of the Nayanar movement was to promote the path of Bhakti, which emphasizes a personal and emotional connection with the divine. The Nayanars expressed their deep devotion and love for Lord Shiva through their compositions, inspiring others to develop a similar relationship with the divine. Their songs and hymns were accessible to people from all walks of life, irrespective of caste or social status. This helped democratize spirituality and made it more inclusive.

Social Integration and Equality:
The Nayanar movement also aimed at social integration and equality. The Nayanars came from diverse backgrounds, including lower castes and even outcasts. By disregarding social hierarchies and emphasizing devotion and purity of heart, they challenged the prevailing caste-based discrimination. Their movement brought people from different strata of society together, fostering a sense of unity and equality.

Establishment of Temples and Rituals:
The Nayanars played a crucial role in the establishment of temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. They not only composed hymns and songs but also actively participated in temple rituals and worship. Through their efforts, they helped create a strong institutional structure for the Shaiva tradition, promoting religious practices and rituals associated with the worship of Lord Shiva.

Overall, the purpose of the Nayanar movement was to revive, preserve, and promote the Shaiva tradition through devotion, inclusivity, social integration, and the establishment of religious institutions. Their contributions had a profound impact on the cultural, religious, and social fabric of South India.