Explanation:

An equilateral shape is a shape where all sides and angles are equal. In the context of chemistry, an equilateral shape refers to a molecule or ion that has a central atom surrounded by three bonding pairs of electrons, resulting in a trigonal planar geometry.

Hybridization:

Hybridization is a concept in chemistry that explains the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals then overlap with other orbitals to form covalent bonds in molecules.

Hybridization in Equilateral Shape:

In the case of an equilateral shape, the central atom is surrounded by three bonding pairs of electrons. To accommodate these bonding pairs, the central atom undergoes hybridization to form three hybrid orbitals.

Types of Hybridization:

The type of hybridization depends on the number and type of orbitals involved in the hybridization process. The most common types of hybridization are:

- sp hybridization: In sp hybridization, one s orbital and one p orbital combine to form two sp hybrid orbitals. This type of hybridization occurs when one s and one p orbital are involved in bonding.

- sp2 hybridization: In sp2 hybridization, one s orbital and two p orbitals combine to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals. This type of hybridization occurs when one s and two p orbitals are involved in bonding.

- sp3 hybridization: In sp3 hybridization, one s orbital and three p orbitals combine to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals. This type of hybridization occurs when one s and three p orbitals are involved in bonding.

Correct Answer:

In the case of an equilateral shape, the central atom is surrounded by three bonding pairs of electrons. This arrangement requires the central atom to undergo sp2 hybridization. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - sp2 hybridization.

This hybridization allows the central atom to form three sigma bonds with the three surrounding atoms, resulting in a trigonal planar geometry. The three hybrid orbitals are oriented in a flat plane, with an angle of 120 degrees between them.

Overall, the sp2 hybridization in an equilateral shape allows for the formation of strong and stable covalent bonds, contributing to the overall stability and structure of the molecule or ion.