If change in Gibbs energyΔGis negative (< 0)a)the process is ...
ΔG < 0 means reaction is spontaneous. And ΔG >0 means reaction is non spontanenous.
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If change in Gibbs energyΔGis negative (< 0)a)the process is ...
Explanation:
Gibbs free energy (G) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that can be performed by a system at constant temperature and pressure. It is given by the equation:
G = H - TS
where H is the enthalpy, T is the temperature, and S is the entropy of the system.
The change in Gibbs energy (ΔG) is a measure of the spontaneity of a process. It is given by the equation:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
where ΔH is the change in enthalpy and ΔS is the change in entropy of the system.
If the change in Gibbs energy is negative (ΔG < 0),="" it="" means="" that="" the="" process="" is="" spontaneous.="" this="" is="" because="" a="" negative="" change="" in="" gibbs="" energy="" indicates="" that="" the="" system's="" free="" energy="" decreases,="" which="" means="" that="" the="" system="" becomes="" more="" />
Spontaneity of a process:
A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally without any external intervention. It is driven by the tendency of a system to decrease its free energy and reach a state of lower energy and greater stability. In other words, a spontaneous process is one that can occur on its own without the input of energy.
There are three conditions for a process to be spontaneous:
1. ΔG < 0:="" the="" change="" in="" gibbs="" energy="" must="" be="" negative.="" this="" indicates="" that="" the="" system's="" free="" energy="" decreases,="" making="" it="" more="" />
2. ΔH < 0:="" the="" change="" in="" enthalpy="" must="" be="" negative.="" this="" indicates="" that="" the="" process="" releases="" heat="" to="" the="" />
3. ΔS > 0: The change in entropy must be positive. This indicates that the process increases the disorder or randomness of the system.
If these three conditions are met, the process is spontaneous and will occur without any external intervention.
Conclusion:
In the given question, if the change in Gibbs energy (ΔG) is negative (ΔG < 0),="" it="" means="" that="" the="" process="" is="" spontaneous.="" this="" is="" because="" a="" negative="" change="" in="" gibbs="" energy="" indicates="" that="" the="" system's="" free="" energy="" decreases,="" making="" it="" more="" stable.="" therefore,="" option="" 'c'="" is="" the="" correct="" answer.="" 0),="" it="" means="" that="" the="" process="" is="" spontaneous.="" this="" is="" because="" a="" negative="" change="" in="" gibbs="" energy="" indicates="" that="" the="" system's="" free="" energy="" decreases,="" making="" it="" more="" stable.="" therefore,="" option="" 'c'="" is="" the="" correct="" />
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