Factors responsible for the Russian Revolution of 1905:

There were several factors that led to the Russian Revolution of 1905. The revolution was triggered by a combination of economic, political, and social factors that had been building up for decades. Some of the key factors responsible for the revolution are:

1. Economic Factors:

Russia was facing a severe economic crisis in the early 20th century. The country was heavily dependent on agriculture, and the peasants were living in poverty. The industrial sector was also facing problems, with low wages and poor working conditions. The government's policies favored the wealthy landowners and industrialists, which led to resentment among the working-class population.

2. Political Factors:

The Russian political system was characterized by autocracy, where the tsar had complete control over the government. The government was corrupt and inefficient, and the people had no say in the decision-making process. The lack of political representation and freedom of speech led to growing discontent among the people.

3. Social Factors:

The Russian society was deeply divided along class lines. The aristocracy and the wealthy owned most of the land, while the peasants and the working-class population were struggling to survive. The growing gap between the rich and the poor led to widespread unrest and protests.

4. Military Factors:

The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 was a major factor that contributed to the revolution. The Russian army suffered a humiliating defeat, which led to a loss of morale and confidence in the government.

In conclusion, the Russian Revolution of 1905 was a result of a combination of economic, political, social, and military factors. The revolution paved the way for the eventual downfall of the tsarist regime and the establishment of a new political system in Russia.

(1)Autocratic rule of Tsars:- In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He fought a number of wars to expand his empire in the north and west in Europe. He had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
(2)Conditions of peasants: -Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were paid less and worked more and sometimes under debt, they were not even paid wages.
(3)Status of industries:- Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St. Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of the production, but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia’s railway network.
(4)Conditions of workers in the industries:- Most industries were owned by private
industrialists. Though the government supervised factories’ working hours and wages of the workers, but still rules were broken. Women workers were also paid less than men. Some workers formed associations to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships. ,