Alauddin Khalji:

- Alauddin Khalji was the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty in Delhi Sultanate, who ruled from 1296 to 1316.
- He was known for his strong and efficient administration, military tactics, and economic reforms.
- Alauddin Khalji successfully defended his kingdom from Mongol invasions and expanded his empire through conquests.
- He introduced several administrative reforms to strengthen the central authority, such as the appointment of a new class of officers called 'Amirs' who were responsible for tax collection and maintaining law and order.
- Alauddin Khalji implemented a price control mechanism known as the 'Market Reforms' to regulate the prices of essential commodities and prevent hoarding.
- He also introduced a new tax called 'Kharaj' on agricultural land to increase revenue.
- Alauddin Khalji established a strong intelligence network to keep a check on his nobles and maintain law and order in the kingdom.
- He introduced a system of 'Dagh' or branding of horses to keep a record of military horses and prevent fraud.
- Alauddin Khalji was known for his strict discipline and harsh punishments, which he believed were necessary to maintain control over his empire.
- He built several forts and strengthened the fortifications of Delhi to protect his kingdom from external threats.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq:

- Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty in Delhi Sultanate, who ruled from 1325 to 1351.
- He was known for his intelligence, scholarship, and administrative experiments, but his reign was marked by failures and mismanagement.
- Muhammad bin Tughlaq faced challenges from rebellions, Mongol invasions, and economic crises during his rule.
- He introduced several ambitious and innovative policies, such as the shifting of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, which turned out to be a failure due to logistical issues and widespread discontent among the people.
- Muhammad bin Tughlaq also experimented with the issue of token currency made of copper and brass, which led to economic chaos and loss of public trust.
- He tried to implement a new farming system called 'Doab' to increase agricultural productivity, but it resulted in the displacement of farmers and further economic distress.
- Muhammad bin Tughlaq's reign was marked by excessive taxation, which burdened the common people and led to discontent among the nobles and the general population.
- Despite his failures, Muhammad bin Tughlaq was known for his patronage of scholars, poets, and artists, and his court was a center of intellectual and cultural activities.

Overall, Alauddin Khalji was known for his strong administration, military prowess, and economic reforms, while Muhammad bin Tughlaq's reign was marked by ambitious but unsuccessful experiments and mismanagement.