Two methods to estimate poverty are:

1. Income-based methods:
- In this method, poverty is estimated by determining the income of individuals or households and comparing it to a predetermined poverty line. The poverty line is usually set at a level of income that is considered necessary to meet basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing.
- The most common income-based method is the World Bank's international poverty line, which is currently set at $1.90 per day in 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. This means that individuals who earn less than $1.90 per day are considered to be living in extreme poverty.
- Other income-based methods include the relative poverty line, which is set as a percentage of the median income in a particular country or region, and the absolute poverty line, which is set as a fixed standard of living.

2. Multidimensional methods:
- In this method, poverty is estimated by considering a range of factors that contribute to poverty, such as health, education, and living standards, in addition to income. This method recognizes that poverty is a complex issue that cannot be reduced to just one factor.
- The most well-known multidimensional method is the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI), which measures human development based on three factors: life expectancy, education, and income.
- Other multidimensional methods include the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which measures poverty based on 10 indicators across three dimensions: health, education, and living standards, and the Alkire-Foster method, which also uses a range of indicators to measure poverty but allows for a customization of the indicators based on the local context.

In conclusion, both income-based and multidimensional methods are used to estimate poverty. Income-based methods rely solely on income, while multidimensional methods consider a range of factors that contribute to poverty. It is important to use a combination of these methods to get a more accurate picture of poverty and develop effective poverty reduction policies.