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Adjustment of Level - Levelling, Surveying and Levelling | Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering PDF Download

Adjustments of level :
(i)  Temporarily Adjustments – adjustments which are made for every setting of a level.

(ii) Permanent adjustments- required if some error is there in instrument. 
      (i)  Temporary Adjustments : includes
            a) setting up the level
            b) levelling up
            c) elimination of parallax

a) Setting up the level :  This operation includes fixing the instrument on the tripod and also approximate levelling by leg adjustment.

b) Levelling up :  Accurate levelling is done with the help of foot screws and by using plate levels.  The object of levelling up the instrument is to make its vertical axis truly vertical.

c) Elimination of parallax :  If the image formed by the objective does not lie in the plane of the cross hairs,  there will be a shift in the image due to shift of the eye. Such displacement of image is termed as parallax.  Parallax is removed in two stages.
1)  Focusing the eye for distinct vision of cross hairs.
2)  Focusing the objective so that image is formed in the plane of cross hairs.

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FAQs on Adjustment of Level - Levelling, Surveying and Levelling - Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering

1. What is levelling in surveying?
Ans. Levelling in surveying is the process of determining the height or elevation of points on the Earth's surface relative to a reference point. It involves the use of a levelling instrument, such as a level or theodolite, and a leveling rod to measure the vertical distance between points.
2. How is levelling used in agricultural engineering?
Ans. Levelling is an essential technique in agricultural engineering as it helps in creating a flat or sloping surface for various agricultural purposes. It is used to design irrigation systems, drainage systems, and terraces to ensure proper water distribution and prevent soil erosion.
3. What are the different types of levelling methods used in surveying?
Ans. There are three commonly used levelling methods in surveying: differential levelling, trigonometric levelling, and barometric levelling. Differential levelling involves measuring the height difference between two points using a level and leveling rod. Trigonometric levelling uses trigonometric formulas to calculate the height difference based on angular measurements. Barometric levelling uses atmospheric pressure differences to determine height differences.
4. What are the instruments used for levelling in surveying?
Ans. The instruments commonly used for levelling in surveying are the level, theodolite, and leveling rod. The level is used to measure the height difference between points, the theodolite is used for precise angular and vertical measurements, and the leveling rod is used as a target for the level or theodolite.
5. What are the applications of levelling in agricultural engineering?
Ans. Levelling is widely used in agricultural engineering for various applications. It is used to design and construct irrigation systems, ensuring proper water distribution across the field. Levelling is also used to create terraces and contour farming to prevent soil erosion and improve water retention. Additionally, it is used in the construction of drainage systems to manage excess water on agricultural land.
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