Appreciate the Concept of a Database Management System | Information Technology for Class 10 PDF Download

Concept and example of data and information

Whenever we are working with computers, we are working with data and information. So first understand about data and information.

Data

• Data refers to raw facts, figures and text.

Suppose, you have something like this: 1, Maharshi, 2500, 9898123456
This can be considered as data. Some facts are given in form of numbers and text.

Information

• Information refers to the meaningful data.

  
  

Suppose, you have something like this table:

In the above example each and every value has some meaning. Like 1 is a number seems like serial no, Maharshi is name, 2500 is fees and 9898123456 is contact number.

Concept of database

After the introduction of data and information, this data and information should be organized in proper manner to access them as and when required. To serve this purpose database is needed.

• The database refers to collection of data and information in organized manner.

For example, in school we have data related to students and teachers. Everyday it is used to maintain the proper work records and transactions. So here school need to store it in an organized manner.

Organized manner means that data can be divided into different columns, records and other objects. This facility is provided by the a Database. School can maintain data and information related to students in a database.

Advantages of Database

Database offers following advantages:

• Reduces Data Redundancy
• Sharing Data
• Data Integrity
• Data Security
• Privacy
• Backup and Recovery
• Data Consistency

1. Reduces Data Redundancy
When your data is organized into a database, it reduces data redundancy. Data redundancy means that duplication of data. Into a database, the system generates multiple copies of it sometimes. So every time the same database cannot be affected while performing the transactions.

2.  Sharing Data
The process of sharing data become very easy with database. In a DBMS system there are multiple users and schemas. These users can share their information and data as and when required. So any user can share their data with any user.

3. Data Integrity
When multiple users are working on same database, they must access accurate and consistent data. So these multiple users are performing multiple task simultaneously. In this process every user must ensure the data and information should be correct and accurate.

4. Data Security
In a database, your data is secured and safe as you have your own user’s schema with username and password. Every user on database has provided the authorised account to access data. Unauthorised users cannot access any kind of data from outside.

5. Privacy
It is most important rule in database. It means that only authorised users access their data in an authentic way. The privacy can be set according to user’s access role. Means proper roles should be assigned to the users for access.

6 Backup and Recovery
Most often we need to take backup and recover data. Due to multiple operations on same database by different users or may any other reason data backup should be taken and recover accordingly. Although this task is handled by DBMS automatically.

7. Data Consistency
Data consistency refers to the multiple copies of same database. The same database appears consistently among all the users at a time. The changes made by any user, immediately available to another user.

Features of Database

The database offers many features to the users. Some of them are as follows:

• It stores the data and information in multiple tables.
• Each contains data related to each category or items. For example, in school database tables are students, teachers, exam etc.
• Each table can have at least column that hold unique values. For example in students table adm_no (Admission Number) can be used. In teachers table teacher ID or teacher code can be generated.
• Some of the keys should be generated like primary key, foreign key etc.

Concepts and examples of a Relational Database

A relational database refers to a database that stores record with referential integrity. It means that one of the columns of the database column referred to another table.

Let’s have look on the concepts of primary key, foreign key for concept of DBMS.

Concept of the primary key, foreign key, and composite key

Referential integrity can be generated by using the primary key. The database table can have at least one primary key. This primary key ensures the record’s uniqueness. A primary key helps to improve the speed of database retrieval.

• A primary key is a column of a table that identifies the unique records.

Features of Primary key

• It identifies the rows uniquely
• It cannot be null
• It cannot have a duplicate value
• There can only one primary key

This primary key can be used as foreign key in another table that provides a reference to the table.
The table which is referenced is known as parent table generally having primary key where as the table which is taking reference is known as child table having a foreign key.

Concept and examples of field, record, table

In this section of concept of DBMS class 10 we will discuss some of the definitions.

Field

• It is a column of table. It is also known as attribute.

Record

• A row of a table is known as a record. It is also known as a tuple.

Table

• A table is collection of row and columns.

Relational Database Management Software

Relational Database Management Software offers the features of related tables and objects in the database. You can create a primary key and foreign key and make a relational database using relational database management software.
There are few examples of RDBMS software such as MSAccess, OO Base, MySQL, SQLServer etc.