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(v) Aromatisation
Reactions for Methane (CH4):
(Methane cannot be prepared by Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s electrolytic process and by reduction of alkenes or alkynes).
Reactions for Ethane(C2H6)
Conformations of Alkanes:
Alkanes have C-C sigma (σ) bonds and rotation about C-C single bond is allowed. This rotation results in different spatial arrangements of atoms in space which can change into one another. Such spatial arrangements are called conformations or conformers or rotamers.
Conformations of ethane:
(i) Sawhorse projections
(ii) Newman projections
Intermediate conformation between eclipsed and staggered are known as skew (gauche) conformations.
Eclipsed form is least stable but staggered form is most stable due to greater distance between the bond pairs or lesser torsional strain.
The energy difference between the two extreme forms is of the order of 12.5 kJ mol-1.
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FAQs on Aromatisation and Conformations of Alkanes - Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced
| 1. What is aromatization of alkanes? |  |
Ans. Aromatization of alkanes refers to the conversion of alkanes into aromatic compounds. This process involves the rearrangement of carbon atoms in the alkane molecule, leading to the formation of a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds. A common example of aromatization is the conversion of cyclohexane to benzene.
| 2. How does aromatization occur? | |
Ans. Aromatization of alkanes typically occurs through a series of reactions known as aromatization pathways. One common pathway involves the initial dehydrogenation of the alkane to form an alkene. This is followed by a cyclization step where the alkene undergoes a rearrangement to form a cyclic intermediate. Finally, this intermediate undergoes further reactions to form the aromatic compound.
| 3. What are the applications of aromatization reactions? | |
Ans. Aromatization reactions have several important applications in the chemical industry. One major application is in the production of aromatic compounds, which are widely used as intermediates in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, polymers, and dyes. Aromatization reactions also play a crucial role in the production of gasoline from petroleum, as they help to enhance the octane rating of the fuel.
| 4. What are conformations of alkanes? | |
Ans. Conformations of alkanes refer to the different spatial arrangements or shapes that an alkane molecule can adopt due to rotation around its carbon-carbon bonds. The most common conformations are the staggered and eclipsed conformations. In the staggered conformation, the carbon-carbon bonds are oriented as far apart as possible, resulting in lower energy. In the eclipsed conformation, the carbon-carbon bonds are aligned directly with each other, leading to higher energy.
| 5. Why are conformations of alkanes important? | |
Ans. The study of conformations of alkanes is important because it helps in understanding the physical and chemical properties of these compounds. The different conformations have different stabilities and energies, which affect their reactivity and behavior in various reactions. Conformational analysis is also crucial in understanding the stereochemistry and reactivity of larger organic molecules, as the presence of specific conformations can influence the overall shape and properties of the molecule.
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