Art and Crafts of Jammu and Kashmir | JKPSC KAS (Jammu and Kashmir): Preparation Course PDF Download

 Page 1


ARTANDCRAFTSOF
JAMMUANDKASHMIR
CHAPTER23
The art and craft of Jammu and Kashmir is very famous in
India and outside the country. The state’s art and craft has a
powerful imprint of the old tradition. The craft of the state is
rich by wood work and embroidery work. The Papier-Mache
craft of the state is worth noting all over the country.
ThestateofJammuandKashmirisfamousallovertheworldfor itsuniqueand
splendidworkofartandcraft.Travelthrougheventheremotestpartofthestate
givesusanopportunitytoobservetheartandcraftofthestate.
Themostmesmerisingexperienceistheembroideryworkdone ontheshawlsand
clothesbytheKashmiripeople.Wealsofindtheworkofmagic inpaintings,papier
mache,metalandstonework,jewelleryandwoodworks.
Art of Jammu and Kashmir
TheartofJammuandKashmirisbestknownforitsculturalheritagewhichhas
prevailedsinceaverylongtime.Thefamous BasholiQalampaintings whichare
keptinfamousmuseumsacrosstheworldarefoundinJammuand Kashmir.These
aretheexamplesoffamouspaintingstylesofJammuandKashmir.
Painting Styles of Jammu and Kashmir
PaintingstylesofJammuandKashmircomeunderthePaharipaintingstylewhich
originatedinthe17th-19thcenturiesfromJammutoGarhwal intheHimalayan
statesofIndia.Itwasaminiaturestyleofpainting.Thisstyleofpaintinggotits
originfromtheMughalstyleofpaintingsandinfluencedbytheRajputpaintings.
Page 2


ARTANDCRAFTSOF
JAMMUANDKASHMIR
CHAPTER23
The art and craft of Jammu and Kashmir is very famous in
India and outside the country. The state’s art and craft has a
powerful imprint of the old tradition. The craft of the state is
rich by wood work and embroidery work. The Papier-Mache
craft of the state is worth noting all over the country.
ThestateofJammuandKashmirisfamousallovertheworldfor itsuniqueand
splendidworkofartandcraft.Travelthrougheventheremotestpartofthestate
givesusanopportunitytoobservetheartandcraftofthestate.
Themostmesmerisingexperienceistheembroideryworkdone ontheshawlsand
clothesbytheKashmiripeople.Wealsofindtheworkofmagic inpaintings,papier
mache,metalandstonework,jewelleryandwoodworks.
Art of Jammu and Kashmir
TheartofJammuandKashmirisbestknownforitsculturalheritagewhichhas
prevailedsinceaverylongtime.Thefamous BasholiQalampaintings whichare
keptinfamousmuseumsacrosstheworldarefoundinJammuand Kashmir.These
aretheexamplesoffamouspaintingstylesofJammuandKashmir.
Painting Styles of Jammu and Kashmir
PaintingstylesofJammuandKashmircomeunderthePaharipaintingstylewhich
originatedinthe17th-19thcenturiesfromJammutoGarhwal intheHimalayan
statesofIndia.Itwasaminiaturestyleofpainting.Thisstyleofpaintinggotits
originfromtheMughalstyleofpaintingsandinfluencedbytheRajputpaintings.
Important schools/styles of paintings of Jammu and Kashmir are given below:
Basholi School/Style of Paintings
BasholiisatowninKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.Duringlate17thand
18thcenturies,Basholiemergedasagreatcentreofpaintingwhichwasknownas
BasholiSchoolofPaintings.ItisconsideredthefirstschoolofPaharipaintings.The
themesofthispaintingstylearereligious(GitaGovindaandRamayana),historical,
secular,contemporaryandliterary.
Thepaintingstyleincludesstrikinglyblazingcolours,boldlines,geometrical
patterns,useofshinybeetlewingsforjewellery,richsymbolsandpeculiarfeatures.
Animportantexampleofthispaintingstyleisthedepiction ofthe‘Rasamanjari’or
‘BouquetofDelight’in1664AD(alonglovepoemwrittenin15thcenturyby
BhanudattaofTirhutBihar).ItwaspaintedbyDevidasaunderthepatronageof
RajaKirpalPal.
Mankot Style of Paintings
ThesepaintingshavesimilaritieswithBasholistylee.g.boldsubjectswithvivid
colours.Thisstyleofpaintingflourishedduringmid17thcentury.Later,useof
subduedcoloursandnaturalismbecamesignificantfeaturesofthisstyleofpainting.
Guler Jasrota Style of Paintings
JasrotaplaceliesinKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.JammuorJasrota
paintingstyleemergedinthelate18thandearly19thcenturieswhichhasa
similaritywiththeKangrastyleofpaintings.ShangriRamayana paintingsseries
wereproducedinJammuduringlate17thandearly18thcentury.
? RASAMANJARI : ANEXAMPLEOF BASHOLI SCHOOL OF PAINTINGS
Page 3


ARTANDCRAFTSOF
JAMMUANDKASHMIR
CHAPTER23
The art and craft of Jammu and Kashmir is very famous in
India and outside the country. The state’s art and craft has a
powerful imprint of the old tradition. The craft of the state is
rich by wood work and embroidery work. The Papier-Mache
craft of the state is worth noting all over the country.
ThestateofJammuandKashmirisfamousallovertheworldfor itsuniqueand
splendidworkofartandcraft.Travelthrougheventheremotestpartofthestate
givesusanopportunitytoobservetheartandcraftofthestate.
Themostmesmerisingexperienceistheembroideryworkdone ontheshawlsand
clothesbytheKashmiripeople.Wealsofindtheworkofmagic inpaintings,papier
mache,metalandstonework,jewelleryandwoodworks.
Art of Jammu and Kashmir
TheartofJammuandKashmirisbestknownforitsculturalheritagewhichhas
prevailedsinceaverylongtime.Thefamous BasholiQalampaintings whichare
keptinfamousmuseumsacrosstheworldarefoundinJammuand Kashmir.These
aretheexamplesoffamouspaintingstylesofJammuandKashmir.
Painting Styles of Jammu and Kashmir
PaintingstylesofJammuandKashmircomeunderthePaharipaintingstylewhich
originatedinthe17th-19thcenturiesfromJammutoGarhwal intheHimalayan
statesofIndia.Itwasaminiaturestyleofpainting.Thisstyleofpaintinggotits
originfromtheMughalstyleofpaintingsandinfluencedbytheRajputpaintings.
Important schools/styles of paintings of Jammu and Kashmir are given below:
Basholi School/Style of Paintings
BasholiisatowninKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.Duringlate17thand
18thcenturies,Basholiemergedasagreatcentreofpaintingwhichwasknownas
BasholiSchoolofPaintings.ItisconsideredthefirstschoolofPaharipaintings.The
themesofthispaintingstylearereligious(GitaGovindaandRamayana),historical,
secular,contemporaryandliterary.
Thepaintingstyleincludesstrikinglyblazingcolours,boldlines,geometrical
patterns,useofshinybeetlewingsforjewellery,richsymbolsandpeculiarfeatures.
Animportantexampleofthispaintingstyleisthedepiction ofthe‘Rasamanjari’or
‘BouquetofDelight’in1664AD(alonglovepoemwrittenin15thcenturyby
BhanudattaofTirhutBihar).ItwaspaintedbyDevidasaunderthepatronageof
RajaKirpalPal.
Mankot Style of Paintings
ThesepaintingshavesimilaritieswithBasholistylee.g.boldsubjectswithvivid
colours.Thisstyleofpaintingflourishedduringmid17thcentury.Later,useof
subduedcoloursandnaturalismbecamesignificantfeaturesofthisstyleofpainting.
Guler Jasrota Style of Paintings
JasrotaplaceliesinKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.JammuorJasrota
paintingstyleemergedinthelate18thandearly19thcenturieswhichhasa
similaritywiththeKangrastyleofpaintings.ShangriRamayana paintingsseries
wereproducedinJammuduringlate17thandearly18thcentury.
? RASAMANJARI : ANEXAMPLEOF BASHOLI SCHOOL OF PAINTINGS
Nainsukh wasoneofthefamousartistsofthisstyleofpainting,whowasa
patronagedartistofRajaBalwantofJasrota.Hedepictedtheday-to-dayactivitiesof
RajaBalwantSinghinhispaintingsandalsousedPersiantechniqueknownas
NeemKalam.
Crafts of Jammu and Kashmir
ThecraftsofJammuandKashmirhasrecognitionallovertheworldandeveryonein
thestateisaffiliatedtothisoccupationinonewayoranother.Craftsinthestate
varyfromtheembroiderytoshawlweaving,woodcarvingtopapiermache,carpet
weavingtonamdasweavingandmuchmore.Some important and famous crafts of
Jammu and Kashmir are as follows:
Textiles
TheimportanttextileworksofJammuandKashmirareshawlsandsarees.These are
discussed below:
Shawls
KashmirishawlsarethemostfamouscraftofJammuandKashmir.Thereare
differenttypesofKashmirishawlse.g.Pashminashawl,Ringshawl,Jamavarshawl,
etcwoolofKelgoatisthemainsourceofPashminashawl.This shawliswovenby
loomsandsomeshawlsareembroideredbyhandsafterlooming isdone.
Ringshawlisgivensuchnameasitsfabricissosleekandsmooththatcanpass
effortlesslythrougharing.ThethreadsofJamavarshawlsdyedbeforeweaving.The
shawldepictsarchitecturalandmythologicalfiguresinterwovenwithlandscape
designs.OtherShawlsareShahtooshandKaniJamashawls.
? PAINTINGOF RAJA OF JASROTA MADEBYNAINSUKH
Page 4


ARTANDCRAFTSOF
JAMMUANDKASHMIR
CHAPTER23
The art and craft of Jammu and Kashmir is very famous in
India and outside the country. The state’s art and craft has a
powerful imprint of the old tradition. The craft of the state is
rich by wood work and embroidery work. The Papier-Mache
craft of the state is worth noting all over the country.
ThestateofJammuandKashmirisfamousallovertheworldfor itsuniqueand
splendidworkofartandcraft.Travelthrougheventheremotestpartofthestate
givesusanopportunitytoobservetheartandcraftofthestate.
Themostmesmerisingexperienceistheembroideryworkdone ontheshawlsand
clothesbytheKashmiripeople.Wealsofindtheworkofmagic inpaintings,papier
mache,metalandstonework,jewelleryandwoodworks.
Art of Jammu and Kashmir
TheartofJammuandKashmirisbestknownforitsculturalheritagewhichhas
prevailedsinceaverylongtime.Thefamous BasholiQalampaintings whichare
keptinfamousmuseumsacrosstheworldarefoundinJammuand Kashmir.These
aretheexamplesoffamouspaintingstylesofJammuandKashmir.
Painting Styles of Jammu and Kashmir
PaintingstylesofJammuandKashmircomeunderthePaharipaintingstylewhich
originatedinthe17th-19thcenturiesfromJammutoGarhwal intheHimalayan
statesofIndia.Itwasaminiaturestyleofpainting.Thisstyleofpaintinggotits
originfromtheMughalstyleofpaintingsandinfluencedbytheRajputpaintings.
Important schools/styles of paintings of Jammu and Kashmir are given below:
Basholi School/Style of Paintings
BasholiisatowninKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.Duringlate17thand
18thcenturies,Basholiemergedasagreatcentreofpaintingwhichwasknownas
BasholiSchoolofPaintings.ItisconsideredthefirstschoolofPaharipaintings.The
themesofthispaintingstylearereligious(GitaGovindaandRamayana),historical,
secular,contemporaryandliterary.
Thepaintingstyleincludesstrikinglyblazingcolours,boldlines,geometrical
patterns,useofshinybeetlewingsforjewellery,richsymbolsandpeculiarfeatures.
Animportantexampleofthispaintingstyleisthedepiction ofthe‘Rasamanjari’or
‘BouquetofDelight’in1664AD(alonglovepoemwrittenin15thcenturyby
BhanudattaofTirhutBihar).ItwaspaintedbyDevidasaunderthepatronageof
RajaKirpalPal.
Mankot Style of Paintings
ThesepaintingshavesimilaritieswithBasholistylee.g.boldsubjectswithvivid
colours.Thisstyleofpaintingflourishedduringmid17thcentury.Later,useof
subduedcoloursandnaturalismbecamesignificantfeaturesofthisstyleofpainting.
Guler Jasrota Style of Paintings
JasrotaplaceliesinKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.JammuorJasrota
paintingstyleemergedinthelate18thandearly19thcenturieswhichhasa
similaritywiththeKangrastyleofpaintings.ShangriRamayana paintingsseries
wereproducedinJammuduringlate17thandearly18thcentury.
? RASAMANJARI : ANEXAMPLEOF BASHOLI SCHOOL OF PAINTINGS
Nainsukh wasoneofthefamousartistsofthisstyleofpainting,whowasa
patronagedartistofRajaBalwantofJasrota.Hedepictedtheday-to-dayactivitiesof
RajaBalwantSinghinhispaintingsandalsousedPersiantechniqueknownas
NeemKalam.
Crafts of Jammu and Kashmir
ThecraftsofJammuandKashmirhasrecognitionallovertheworldandeveryonein
thestateisaffiliatedtothisoccupationinonewayoranother.Craftsinthestate
varyfromtheembroiderytoshawlweaving,woodcarvingtopapiermache,carpet
weavingtonamdasweavingandmuchmore.Some important and famous crafts of
Jammu and Kashmir are as follows:
Textiles
TheimportanttextileworksofJammuandKashmirareshawlsandsarees.These are
discussed below:
Shawls
KashmirishawlsarethemostfamouscraftofJammuandKashmir.Thereare
differenttypesofKashmirishawlse.g.Pashminashawl,Ringshawl,Jamavarshawl,
etcwoolofKelgoatisthemainsourceofPashminashawl.This shawliswovenby
loomsandsomeshawlsareembroideredbyhandsafterlooming isdone.
Ringshawlisgivensuchnameasitsfabricissosleekandsmooththatcanpass
effortlesslythrougharing.ThethreadsofJamavarshawlsdyedbeforeweaving.The
shawldepictsarchitecturalandmythologicalfiguresinterwovenwithlandscape
designs.OtherShawlsareShahtooshandKaniJamashawls.
? PAINTINGOF RAJA OF JASROTA MADEBYNAINSUKH
Sarees
Mulberry silkisusedtoproducequalitysareesinKashmirregion.But thiscraftis
notpracticedonalargescaleinthestate.
Embroidery
TheembroideryworkofJammuandKashmirisworldfamous.The state craftspersons
do different types of embroidery work such as:
Chain Stitch and Crewel Work
Chainstitchworkisdonebyariorhook(Aurah)onanytypeoffabricinsteadof
needle.Itisalsoknownas Zalakdozi.Underthisstitchworkthedesignsranging
fromfloralpatternstoanimalandhumanforms.Inthisembroiderywork,vibrant
coloursareused.
Crewelworkismoreorlesssimilartochainstitchasitisdoneonwhitebackground
similartochainstitch.Buttheslightdifferencebetweenthetwoworksisthatcrewel
workmotifsandflowersarenotembroideredontheentiresurface.Woolismainly
usedincrewelworkandvibrantcoloursarenotused.Theseworksaremainlydone
onrugs,curtains,wallhangings,etc.
Kashidkari
ItisaveryfamousembroideryworkofJammuandKashmir.Itis doneonwoollen
Kurtas,woollenrags,stales,sofa,cushions,etc.Importantthemesofthisworkare
birds,blooms,flowers,vines,chinarleaves,mangoes,lotusandtrees.
? ANEXAMPLEOF CHAINSTITCHWORKOF JAMMUANDKASHMIR
Page 5


ARTANDCRAFTSOF
JAMMUANDKASHMIR
CHAPTER23
The art and craft of Jammu and Kashmir is very famous in
India and outside the country. The state’s art and craft has a
powerful imprint of the old tradition. The craft of the state is
rich by wood work and embroidery work. The Papier-Mache
craft of the state is worth noting all over the country.
ThestateofJammuandKashmirisfamousallovertheworldfor itsuniqueand
splendidworkofartandcraft.Travelthrougheventheremotestpartofthestate
givesusanopportunitytoobservetheartandcraftofthestate.
Themostmesmerisingexperienceistheembroideryworkdone ontheshawlsand
clothesbytheKashmiripeople.Wealsofindtheworkofmagic inpaintings,papier
mache,metalandstonework,jewelleryandwoodworks.
Art of Jammu and Kashmir
TheartofJammuandKashmirisbestknownforitsculturalheritagewhichhas
prevailedsinceaverylongtime.Thefamous BasholiQalampaintings whichare
keptinfamousmuseumsacrosstheworldarefoundinJammuand Kashmir.These
aretheexamplesoffamouspaintingstylesofJammuandKashmir.
Painting Styles of Jammu and Kashmir
PaintingstylesofJammuandKashmircomeunderthePaharipaintingstylewhich
originatedinthe17th-19thcenturiesfromJammutoGarhwal intheHimalayan
statesofIndia.Itwasaminiaturestyleofpainting.Thisstyleofpaintinggotits
originfromtheMughalstyleofpaintingsandinfluencedbytheRajputpaintings.
Important schools/styles of paintings of Jammu and Kashmir are given below:
Basholi School/Style of Paintings
BasholiisatowninKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.Duringlate17thand
18thcenturies,Basholiemergedasagreatcentreofpaintingwhichwasknownas
BasholiSchoolofPaintings.ItisconsideredthefirstschoolofPaharipaintings.The
themesofthispaintingstylearereligious(GitaGovindaandRamayana),historical,
secular,contemporaryandliterary.
Thepaintingstyleincludesstrikinglyblazingcolours,boldlines,geometrical
patterns,useofshinybeetlewingsforjewellery,richsymbolsandpeculiarfeatures.
Animportantexampleofthispaintingstyleisthedepiction ofthe‘Rasamanjari’or
‘BouquetofDelight’in1664AD(alonglovepoemwrittenin15thcenturyby
BhanudattaofTirhutBihar).ItwaspaintedbyDevidasaunderthepatronageof
RajaKirpalPal.
Mankot Style of Paintings
ThesepaintingshavesimilaritieswithBasholistylee.g.boldsubjectswithvivid
colours.Thisstyleofpaintingflourishedduringmid17thcentury.Later,useof
subduedcoloursandnaturalismbecamesignificantfeaturesofthisstyleofpainting.
Guler Jasrota Style of Paintings
JasrotaplaceliesinKathuadistrictofJammuandKashmir.JammuorJasrota
paintingstyleemergedinthelate18thandearly19thcenturieswhichhasa
similaritywiththeKangrastyleofpaintings.ShangriRamayana paintingsseries
wereproducedinJammuduringlate17thandearly18thcentury.
? RASAMANJARI : ANEXAMPLEOF BASHOLI SCHOOL OF PAINTINGS
Nainsukh wasoneofthefamousartistsofthisstyleofpainting,whowasa
patronagedartistofRajaBalwantofJasrota.Hedepictedtheday-to-dayactivitiesof
RajaBalwantSinghinhispaintingsandalsousedPersiantechniqueknownas
NeemKalam.
Crafts of Jammu and Kashmir
ThecraftsofJammuandKashmirhasrecognitionallovertheworldandeveryonein
thestateisaffiliatedtothisoccupationinonewayoranother.Craftsinthestate
varyfromtheembroiderytoshawlweaving,woodcarvingtopapiermache,carpet
weavingtonamdasweavingandmuchmore.Some important and famous crafts of
Jammu and Kashmir are as follows:
Textiles
TheimportanttextileworksofJammuandKashmirareshawlsandsarees.These are
discussed below:
Shawls
KashmirishawlsarethemostfamouscraftofJammuandKashmir.Thereare
differenttypesofKashmirishawlse.g.Pashminashawl,Ringshawl,Jamavarshawl,
etcwoolofKelgoatisthemainsourceofPashminashawl.This shawliswovenby
loomsandsomeshawlsareembroideredbyhandsafterlooming isdone.
Ringshawlisgivensuchnameasitsfabricissosleekandsmooththatcanpass
effortlesslythrougharing.ThethreadsofJamavarshawlsdyedbeforeweaving.The
shawldepictsarchitecturalandmythologicalfiguresinterwovenwithlandscape
designs.OtherShawlsareShahtooshandKaniJamashawls.
? PAINTINGOF RAJA OF JASROTA MADEBYNAINSUKH
Sarees
Mulberry silkisusedtoproducequalitysareesinKashmirregion.But thiscraftis
notpracticedonalargescaleinthestate.
Embroidery
TheembroideryworkofJammuandKashmirisworldfamous.The state craftspersons
do different types of embroidery work such as:
Chain Stitch and Crewel Work
Chainstitchworkisdonebyariorhook(Aurah)onanytypeoffabricinsteadof
needle.Itisalsoknownas Zalakdozi.Underthisstitchworkthedesignsranging
fromfloralpatternstoanimalandhumanforms.Inthisembroiderywork,vibrant
coloursareused.
Crewelworkismoreorlesssimilartochainstitchasitisdoneonwhitebackground
similartochainstitch.Buttheslightdifferencebetweenthetwoworksisthatcrewel
workmotifsandflowersarenotembroideredontheentiresurface.Woolismainly
usedincrewelworkandvibrantcoloursarenotused.Theseworksaremainlydone
onrugs,curtains,wallhangings,etc.
Kashidkari
ItisaveryfamousembroideryworkofJammuandKashmir.Itis doneonwoollen
Kurtas,woollenrags,stales,sofa,cushions,etc.Importantthemesofthisworkare
birds,blooms,flowers,vines,chinarleaves,mangoes,lotusandtrees.
? ANEXAMPLEOF CHAINSTITCHWORKOF JAMMUANDKASHMIR
Phulkari
Itisatypeofembroideryworkwhichisdoneespeciallyonbrides’strouser.Itisalso
doneonsalwar-kameez,dupatta,handkerchiefs,tablecovers,sofa,cushioncovers,
wallhangings,jackets,bags,footwear,stole,etc.Itisatraditionalanddomesticcraft
ofJammu,whichispractisedbywomenfolk.
Sozni
Itisthemostdelicateandbeautifulembroideryworkwhichtakesyearstocomplete
evenoneshawl.ItismainlydoneonPashminashawls,woollen shawls,
salwar-kameezandsareeswiththinneedles.
Tilla work
ItisatraditionalKashmiricraftwhichisdoneonsarees,salwar-kameez,shawls,
pherans,etc.Thethemesofthisembroideryworkarelotus,chinarandalmond.Itis
especiallydoneonabride’strouser.
Calico Printing
It is a type of block printing which is mainly done in Samba and Jammu
districts. The printing is done on hand woven cotton cloth and floor/bed
coverings in vegetable colours with the help of wooden blocks. This
printing is in great demand and widely popular.
? KASHMIRI PHULKARI WORKDONEONSTOLE