CBSE Sample Question Paper (2022-23) - 3 | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question number 1 to 14 are Multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Question number 15 to 16 are Multiple source based questions carrying 3 marks each.
4. Question number 17 to 21 are Short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80-100 words.
5. Question number 22 to 26 are Long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words.
6. Question number 27 and 28 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each.

Q1. Geography helps in understanding the reality in its ___________ perspective. [1]
(a) holistic
(b) spatial
(c) overall
(d) physical
Ans: (b) spatial

Q2. There are _________ inner planets. [1]
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
(d) seven
Ans: (a) four

Q3. The earthquakes are measured on : [1]
(a) Victor Scale
(b) Richter Scale
(c) Shadow Scale
(d) Gravity Scale
Ans: (b) Richter Scale

Q4. The mega-ocean meaning all water was called : [1]
(a) Panthalassa
(b) Lurasia
(c) Pangaea
(d) Tillite
Ans: (a) Panthalassa

Q5. Which one of the following is the type of plate boundary of the Indian plate along the Himalayan mountains : [1]
(a) Ocean-continent convergence
(b) Divergent boundary
(c) Transform boundary
(d) Continent-continent convergence
Ans: (d) Continent-continent convergence

Q6. Which one of the following is the hardest mineral : [1]
(a) Topaz
(b) Diamond
(c) Quartz
(d) Feldspar
Ans: (b) Diamond

Q7. The grooved, fluted features in an open limestone field is known as: [1]
(a) uvalas
(b) ridges
(c) doline
(d) valley sink
Ans: (b) ridges

Q8. Which one of the following sentences best defines the term ‘Lapies’ : [1]
(a) A small to medium sized shallow depression
(b) A landform whose opening is more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards bottom
(c) A landform forms due to drippingÿwater from surface
(d) An irregular surface with sharp pinnacles, grooves and ridges
Ans: (a) A small to medium sized shallow depression
Q9. Sea salt, pollen, ash, smoke-soot, fine soil these are associated with: [1]
(a) Gases
(b) Dust particles
(c) Water vapour
(d) Meteors
Ans: (b) Dust particles

Q10. Make correct pairs from the following two columns: [1]

Ans: (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (a).

Q11. Arrange the Peninsular rivers from the longest to the shortest in the correct order: E [1]
(i) Godavari
(ii) Krishna
(iii)Kaveri
(iv) Narmada
Options:
(a) iv, ii, iii, i
(b) i, ii, iii, iv
(c) iv, iii, ii, i
(d) ii, iii, iv, i
Ans: (b) i, ii, iii, iv

Q12. Arrange the hydrologic cycle in correct order: E [1]
(i) Collection
(ii) Evaporation
(iii)Precipitation
(iv) Convection
Options:
(a) i, iv, iii, ii
(b) iv, ii, iii, i
(c) ii, iv, iii, i
(d) iii, iv, ii, i
Ans: (c) ii, iv, iii, i

Q13. The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone normally occurs : [1]
(a) Near the Equator
(b) Near the Tropic of Cancer
(c) Near the Tropic of Capricorn
(d) Near the Arctic Circle
Ans: (a) Near the Equator

Q14. Temperature is high throughout the year and diurnal ranges of temperature are the greatest in the dry season. [1]
This is a characteristic of :
(a) Tropical wet and dry climate
(b) Tropical wet climate
(c) Tropical monsoon climate
(d) Tropical dry climate
Ans: (a) Tropical wet and dry climate

Q15. Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.
We all know that the earth rotates from west to east over its axis. It makes the sun rise in the east and set in the west. The rotation of the earth over its axis takes 24 hours to complete one circle or 360° of longitudes. As 180° of longitudes fall both east and west of the Prime Meridian, the sun, thus takes 12 hours’ time to traverse the eastern and western hemispheres.
In other words, the sun traverses 1 50 of longitudes per hour or one degree of longitude in every four minutes of time. It may further be noted that the time decreases when we move from west to east and increases with our westward movement. The rate of the time at which the sun traverses over certain degrees of longitudes is used to determine the local time of an area with respect to the time at the Prime Meridian (0° Longitude).

(i) _________ of longitudes fall both east and west of the Prime Meridian. [1]
(a) 120°
(c) 160°
(b) 140°
(d) 180°
Ans: (d) 180°

(ii) How much time does the Sun takes to traverse the eastern and western hemispheres? [1]
(a) 12 hours
(c) 10 hours
(b) 14 hours
(d) 16 hours
Ans: (a) 12 hours

(iii) The Prime Meridian is drawn from_________. [1]
(a) east to west
(c) west to east
(b) north to south
(d) south to north
Ans: (b) north to south

Q16. Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.
If soil erosion and exhaustion are caused by humans; by corollary, they can also be prevented by humans. Nature has its own laws of maintaining balance. Nature offers enough opportunities for humans to develop their economy without disturbing the ecological balance. Soil conservation is a methodology to maintain soil fertility, prevent soil erosion and exhaustion, and improve the degraded condition of the soil. Soil erosion is essentially aggravated by faulty practices.
The first step in any rational solution is to check open cultivable lands on slopes from farming. Lands with a slope gradient of 15-25 percent should not be used or cultivation. If at all the land is to be used for agriculture, terraces, should carefully be made. Over-grazing and shifting cultivation in many parts of India have affected the natural cover of land and given rise to extensive erosion. It should be regulated and controlled by educating villagers about the consequences.
Contour bunding, Contour terracing, regulated forestry, controlled grazing, overcropping, mixed farming and crop rotation are some of the remedial measures which are often adopted to reduce soil erosion. Efforts should be made to prevent gully erosion and control their formation. Finger gullies can be eliminated by terracing. In bigger gullies, the erosive velocity of water may be reduced by constructing a series of check dams.
Special attention should be made to control headward extension of gullies. This can be done by gully plugging, terracing or by planting cover vegetation. In arid and semi-arid areas, efforts should be made to protect cultivable lands from encroachment by sand dunes through developing shelter belts of trees and agro-forestry. Lands not suitable for cultivation should be converted into pastures for grazing. Experiments have been made to stabilise sand dunes in western Rajasthan by the Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI).

(i) Nature has its own laws of maintaining_______. [1]
(a) balance
(b) coexistence
(c) destruction
(d) happiness
Ans: (a) balance

(ii) What should be done to land which is not suitable for cultivation? [1]
(a) Should not be used at all
(b) Should be used for grazing
(c) Should be left for a year and again cultivated
(d) Should be used for slash farming
Ans: (b) Should be used for grazing

(iii) Finger gullies can be eliminated by_______. [1]
(a) terracing
(b) shift cultivation
(c) mixed farming
(d) plantation farming
Ans: (a) terracing

Q17. What are earthquakes? Discuss focus/hypocentre and epicentre. How do we measure its magnitude and intensity? [3]
Ans: An Earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth. It is a natural event. It is caused due to the release of energy, which generates waves that travel in all directions.
(1) Focus/hypocentre: The point where the energy is released is called the focus of an Earthquake, alternatively it is called the hypocentre.
(2) Epicentre: The energy waves travelling in different directions reach the surface. The point on the surface, nearest to the focus, is called epicentre. It is the first one to experience the waves. It is a point directly above the focus.
(3) We measure Earthquake’s magnitude by the Richter Scale. The intensity is measured by the Mercalli Scale.

Q18. “The amount of insolation received depends on the angle of inclination of the rays”. How? [3]
Ans: The amount of insolation received is the angle of inclination of the rays.
(1) This depends on the latitude of a place. The higher the latitude, the less is the angle they make with the surface of the Earth resulting in slanting Sun rays.
(2) The area covered by vertical rays is always less than the slanting rays. If more area is covered, the energy gets distributed and the net energy received per unit area decreases.
(3) Moreover, the slanting rays are required to pass through a greater depth of the atmosphere resulting in more absorption, scattering and diffusion.

Q19. What do you know about the deepest trench of various oceans across the world? [3]
Ans: As many as 57 deeps have been explored so far; of which 32 are in the Pacific Ocean, 19 in the Atlantic Ocean and 6 in the Indian Ocean. Some important trenches of the world are as follows:
(1) Mariana Trench: It is the world’s deepest trench. It lies in the Pacific Ocean. It is 11034 km below the ocean.
(2) Puritonko Trench: It is the deepest trench in the Atlantic Ocean.
(3) Sunda Trench: It is the deepest trench in the Indian Ocean

Q20. Explain the climatic conditions as described by Koeppen. [3]
Ans: Koeppen based his scheme of climatic classification on monthly values of temperature and precipitation. He identified five major climatic types, namely:
(1) Tropical climates, where mean monthly temperature throughout the year is over 18°C.
(2) Dry climates, where precipitation is very low in comparison to temperature, and are hence dry. If dryness is less, it is semi-arid (S); if it is more, the climate is arid (W).
(3) Warm temperate climates, where the mean temperature of the coldest month is between 18°C and minus 3°C.
(4) Cool temperate climates, where the mean temperature of the warmest month is over 10°C, and the mean temperature of the coldest month is under minus 3°C.
(5) Ice climates, where the mean temperature of the warmest month is less than 10°C

Q21. What are the catastrophic effects of landslides? [3]
Ans: Landslides have relatively small and localised area of direct influence, but a roadblock, destruction of railway lines and channel blocking due to rock falls have far-reaching consequences. Diversion of river courses due to landslides can also lead to flood and loss of life and property. It also makes spatial interaction difficult, risky as well as a costly affair, which in turn, adversely affects the developmental activities in these areas.

Q22. Differentiate between the food chain and food web. [5]
Ans:

Q23. How are Arunachal, Himachal, Purvanchal, and Uttaranchal Himalayas different from each other? [5]
Ans: Arunachal Himalayas:
(1) These extend from the East of the Bhutan Himalayas up to the Diphu Pass in the East.
(2) Some of the important mountain peaks of the region are Kangtu and Namcha Barwa.
(3) These ranges are dissected by fast-flowing rivers from the North to the South, forming deep gorges.
(4) The Brahmaputra flows through a deep gorge after crossing Namcha Barwa.
(5) An important aspect of the Arunachal Himalayas is the numerous ethnic tribal communities inhabiting in these areas. Some of the prominent ones from West to East are the Monpa, Daffla, Abor, Mishmi, Nishi, and the Nagas.
Purvanchal Himalayas:
(1) General alignment is from the North to South direction.
(2) They are known by different local names. In the North, they are known as Patkai Bum, Naga hills, and the Manipur hills and in the South as Mizo or Lushai hills.
(3) These are low hills, inhabited by numerous tribal groups practising Jhum cultivation.
(4) The Barak is an important river in Manipur and Mizoram.
(5) Mizoram, which is also known as the ‘Molassis basin’ is made up of soft unconsolidated deposits.
The Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas:
(1) This part lies approximately between the Ravi in the West and the Kali (a tributary of Ghaghara) in the East.
(2) It is drained by two major river systems of India, i.e., the Indus and the Ganga. Tributaries of the Indus include the river Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj, and the tributaries of Ganga flowing through this region include the Yamuna and the Ghaghara.
(3) The two distinguishing features of this region from the point of view of physiography are the ‘Shiwalik’ and ‘Dun formations’.
(4) In the Great Himalayan range, the valleys are mostly inhabited by the Bhotias. These nomadic groups migrate to ‘Bugyals’ (the summer grasslands in the higher reaches) during summer months and return to the valleys during winters.
(5) The famous ‘Valley of flowers’ is also situated in this region.

Q24. Explain the spatial variation in the rainfall throughout the country. [5]
Ans: There is great variation in rainfall throughout the country.
(1) While Cherrapunji and Mawsynram in the Khasi hills of Meghalaya receive rainfall over 1,080 cm in a year, Jaisalmer in Rajasthan rarely gets more than 9 cm of rainfall during the same period.
(2) Tura situated in the Garo hills of Meghalaya may receive an amount of rainfall in a single day, which is equal to 10 years of rainfall at Jaisalmer. While the annual precipitation is less than 10 cm in the North-West Himalayas and the Western deserts, it exceeds 400 cm in Meghalaya.
(3) The highest rainfall occurs along the Westcoast, on the Western Ghats as well as in the sub-Himalayan areas in the North-West and the hills of Meghalaya, it has rainfall exceeding 200 cm. In some parts of the Khasi and Jaintia hills, the rainfall exceeds 1,000 cm. In the Brahmaputra valley and the adjoining hills, rainfall is less than 200 cm.
(4) Rainfall between 100-200 cm is received in Southern parts of Gujarat, East Tamil Nadu, NorthEastern Peninsular covering Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Eastern Madhya Pradesh, Northern Ganga Plain along the sub-Himalayas and the Cachar Valley and Manipur.
(5) Western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Deccan Plateau receive rainfall between 50 and 100 cm.

Q25. Explain the features of Laterite soil. [5]
Ans: (1) Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘Later’, which means brick. Laterite soils develop in areas with high temperature and high rainfall.
(2) These are the result of intense leaching due to tropical rains. With rain, lime and silica are leached away and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind.
(3) Humus content of the soil is removed fast by bacteria that thrive well in high temperature. These soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, and calcium, while iron oxide and potash are in excess. Hence, laterites are not suitable for cultivation; however, application of manures and fertilizers are required for making the soils fertile for cultivation.
(4) Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala are more suitable for tree crops like cashewnuts.
(5) Laterite soils are widely cut as bricks for use in house construction. These soils have mainly developed in the higher areas of the Peninsular Plateau. The laterite soils are commonly found in Karnataka, Kerala, TamilNadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam

Q26. What is drought? Explain the different types of droughts that occur in India. [5]
Ans: The term ‘drought’ is applied to an extended period when there is a shortage of water availability due to inadequate precipitation, excessive rate of evaporation and over-utilisation of water from the reservoirs and other storages, including the groundwater.
Different types of Droughts that occur in India are:
(1) Meteorological Drought: It is a situation when there is a prolonged period of inadequate rainfall marked with mal-distribution of the same over time and space.
(2) Agricultural Drought: It is also known as soil moisture drought, characterised by low soil moisture that is necessary to support the crops, thereby resulting in crop failures. Moreover, if an area has more than 30% of its gross cropped area under irrigation, the area is excluded from the drought-prone category.
(3) Hydrological Drought: It results when the availability of water in different storages and reservoirs like aquifers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. falls below what the precipitation can replenish.
(4) Ecological Drought: It takes place when the productivity of a natural ecosystem fails due to the shortage of water and also because of ecological distress, damages are induced in the ecosystem.

Q27. Study the given world map and identify the features marked as A, B, C, D and E. Also their correct names on the map: [5]
(A) A major seaport of North America
(B) An area of extensive commercial grain farming
(C) A major international airport
(D)A megacity
(E) Largest country in Europe and North Asia

Ans:

Q28. Locate and label the following on the political outline map of India : [5]
(A) An important node on golden quadrilateral route in Maharashtra state
(B) State with lowest level of population density
(C) Largest rice producing state
(D) Shimoga manganese mine
(E) A major seaport in Andhra Pradesh

Ans: