CBSE Sample Question Paper (2022-23) - 4 | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question number 1 to 14 are Multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Question number 15 to 16 are Multiple source based questions carrying 3 marks each.
4. Question number 17 to 21 are Short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80 – 100 words.
5. Question number 22 to 26 are Long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words.
6. Question number 27 and 28 are related to identification or locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each.

Q1. The _______ geography was introduced by Alexander Von Humboldt. [1]
(a) systematic
(b) physical
(c) economic
(d) regional
Ans: (a) systematic

Q2. How many outer planets are there? [1]
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five
Ans: (c) Four

Q3. The _______ is the outermost solid part of the earth. [1]
(a) crust
(b) mantle
(c) magma
(d) lava
Ans: (a) crust

Q4. Pangaea began to split around: [1]
(a) 100 million years ago
(b) 200 million years ago
(c) 300 million years ago
(d) 400 million years ago
Ans: b) 200 million years ago

Q5. _______ contains calcium, aluminium, magnesium, iron and silica. [1]
(a) Pyroxene
(b) Coal
(c) Sodium
(d) Graphite
Ans: (a) Pyroxene

Q6. Which one of the following is not a sedimentary rock: [1]
(a) Tillite
(b) Borax
(c) Breccia
(d) Marble
Ans: (d) Marble

Q7. Caves having openings at both the ends are called: [1]
(a) stalactites
(b) tunnels
(c) sinkholes
(d) cave holes
Ans: (b) tunnels

Q8. A deep, long and wide trough or basin with very steep concave high walls at its head as well as insides is known as: [1]
(a) Cirque
(b) Glacial valley
(c) Lateral Moraine
(d) Esker
Ans: (a) Cirque

Q9. Oxygen gas is in negligible quantity at the height of atmosphere: [1]
(a) 90 km
(b) 120 km
(c) 100 km
(d) 150 km
Ans: (b) 120 km

Q10. Air pressure is measured with the help of a: [1]
(a) mercury barometer
(b) thermometer
(c) pressure force
(d) liquid barometer
Ans: (a) mercury barometer

Q11. The direction of wind around a low pressure in northern hemisphere is: [1]
(a) Clockwise
(b) Perpendicular to isobars
(c) Anti-clockwise
(d) Parallel to isobars
Ans: (c) Anti-clockwise

Q12. Arrange the following hills from North to South direction: E [1]
(i) Zaskar Range
(ii) Karakoram Range
(iii) Ladakh Range
(iv) Shiwalik Range
Options:
(a) iv, iii, ii, i
(b) iii, ii, iv, i
(c) iii, iv, i, ii
(d) ii, i, iv, iii
Ans: (c) iii, iv, i, ii

Q13. Arrange the formation of sleet in correct order: [1]
(i) Liquid rain forms in a warmer layer of air.
(ii) The drops form into pellets.
(iii) Rain falls down through a cooler layer just above the ground, the raindrops freeze.
(iv) The drops freeze on contact and form a glaze on objects
Options:
(a) i, iii, ii, iv
(b) iv, ii, i, iii
(c) iii, ii, i, iv
(d) ii, iv, i, iii
Ans: (a) i, iii, ii, iv

Q14. Precipitation varies greatly from 50-250 cm in the: [1]
(a) Tundra type of climate
(b) Marine west coast climate
(c) Polar Climate
(d) Ice type climate
Ans: (b) Marine west coast climate

Q15. Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.
We know that all maps are reductions. The first decision that a map-maker has to take is about the scale of the map. The choice of scale is of utmost importance. The scale of a map sets limits of information contents and the degree of reality with which it can be delineated on the map. We also know that maps are a simplified representation of the three-dimensional surface of the earth on a plane sheet of paper.
The transformation of all-side-curved-geoidal surface into a plane surface is another important aspect of the cartographic process. We should know that such a radical transformation introduces some unavoidable changes in directions, distances, areas and shapes from the way they appear on a geoid. A system of transformation of the spherical surface to the plane surface is called a map projection. Hence, the choice, utilisation and construction of projections is of prime importance in map-making.
(i) All maps are _______. [1]
(a) miniatures
(b) reductions
(c) detailed
(d) never ending
Ans: (b) reductions

(ii) The _______ of a map sets limits of information contents and the degree of realityVith which it can be delineated on the map. [1]
(a) Scale
(b) Distance
(c) Projection
(d) Purpose
Ans: (a) Scale

(iii) The choice, utilisation and construction of projections is of prime importance in _______. [1]
(a) map-making
(b) map decision
(c) map minding
(d) None of the above
Ans: (a) map-making

Q16. Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.
In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to a corresponding change in natural vegetation. Mountain forests can be classified into two types, the northern mountain forests and the southern mountain forests. The Himalayan ranges show a succession of vegetation from the tropical to the tundra, which change in with the altitude.
Deciduous forests are found in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is succeeded by the wet temperate type of forests between an altitude of 1,000-2,000 m. In the higher hill ranges of northeastern India, hilly areas of West Bengal and Uttaranchal, evergreen broad leaf trees such as oak and chestnut are predominant. Between 1,500-1,750 m, pine forests are also well developed in this zone, with Chir
Pine as a very useful commercial true.
Deodar, a highly valued endemic species grows mainly in the western part of the Himalayan range. Deodar is a durable wood mainly used in construction activity. Similarly, the chinar and the walnut, which sustain the famous Kashmir handicrafts, belong to this zone. Blue pine and spruce appear at altitudes of 2,225-3,048 m. At many places in this zone, temperate grasslands are also found.
But in the higher reaches there is a transition to Alpine forests and pastures. Silver firs, junipers, pines, birch and rhododendrons, etc. occur between 3,000-4,000 m. However, these pastures are used extensively for transhumance by tribes like the Gujjars, the Bakarwals, the Bhotiyas and the Gaddis. The southern slopes of the Himalayas carry a thicker vegetation cover because of relatively higher precipitation than the drier north-facing slopes.
At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of the tundra vegetation. The southern mountain forests include the forests found in three distinct areas of Peninsular India viz; the Western Ghats, the Vindhyas and the Nilgiris. As they are closer to the tropics, and only 1,500 m above the sea level, vegetation is temperate in the higher regions, and subtropical on the lower regions of the Western Ghats, especially in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
The temperate forests are called Sholas in the Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills. Some of the other trees of this forest of economic. Significance includes magnolia, laurel, cinchona and wattle. Such forests are also found in the Satpura and the Maikal ranges.

(i) Which of the following forests are found in the foothills of the Himalayas? [1]
(a) Evergreen forests
(b) Deciduous forests
(c) Alpine forests
(d) Temperate forests
Ans: (b) Deciduous forests

(ii) Deodar, a highly valued endemic species grows mainly in which part of the Himalayan range? [1]
(a) Eastern
(b) Northern
(c) Western
(d) Southern
Ans: (c) Western

(iii) Mosses and lichens are part of the: [1]
(a) Tropical vegetation
(b) Tundra vegetation
(c) Taiga vegetation
(d) Temperate vegetation
Ans: (b) Tundra vegetation

Q17. What makes the earth shake? [3]
Ans: The release of energy occurs along a fault. A fault is a sharp break in the crustal rocks. Rocks along a fault tend to move in opposite directions. As the overlying rock strata press them, the friction locks them together. However, their tendency to move apart at some point of time overcomes the friction. As a result, the blocks are deformed and eventually, they slide past one another abruptly. This causes a release of energy, and the energy waves travel in all directions. This energy movement causes the Earth to shake.

Q18. The atmosphere gets heated up indirectly by terrestrial radiation and not directly by sun rays. Explain.
Ans: The atmosphere gets heated up indirectly by terrestrial radiation and not directly by sunrays because:

• The longwave radiation is absorbed by the atmospheric gases particularly by carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases.
• Thus, the atmosphere is indirectly heated by the Earth’s radiation. The atmosphere, in turn, radiates and transmits heat into space.
• Finally, the amount of heat received from the Sun is returned to space, thereby maintaining a constant temperature at the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere.

Q19. What do you know about the relief features of the ocean floor? [3]
Ans: The oceans are confined to the great depressions of the Earth’s outer layer. The oceans, unlike the continents, merge so naturally into one another that it is hard to demarcate them. The geographers have divided the oceanic part of the Earth into four oceans, namely-the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian and the Arctic Ocean.
The various seas, bays, gulfs and other inlets are parts of these four large oceans. A major portion of the ocean floor is found between 3 and 6 km below the sea level. The ‘land’ under the waters of the oceans, that is, the ocean floor exhibits complex and varied features as those observed over the land. The floors of the oceans are rugged with the world’s largest mountain ranges, deepest trenches and the largest plains. These features are formed, like those of the continents, by the factors of tectonic, volcanic, and depositional processes.

Q20. Mention the characteristics of monsoonal rainfall in India. [3]
Ans: The characteristics of monsoonal rainfall in India are:

• Rainfall received from the South-West monsoons is seasonal in character, which occurs between June and September. The monsoon rainfall has a declining trend with increasing distance from the sea. For example, Kolkata receives 119 cm of rain during South-West monsoon, whereas Allahabad receives 76 cm.
• The summer rainfall comes in a heavy downpour leading to considerable runoff and soil erosion. Monsoon also plays a pivotal role in the agrarian economy of India because over three-fourth of the total rain in the
  country is received during the South-West monsoon season.
• The spatial distribution of monsoons across the country is uneven. It ranges from 12 cm to more than 250 cm. The beginning of the rains sometimes is considerably delayed over the whole or a part of the country.

Q21. Explain the three stages involved in disaster mitigation and management. [3]
Ans: There are three stages involved in disaster mitigation and management:
(i) Pre-disaster management involves generating data and information about the disasters, preparing vulnerability zoning maps and spreading awareness among the people about these. Apart from these, disaster planning, preparedness, and preventive measures are other steps that need to be taken in the vulnerable areas.
(ii) During disasters, rescue and relief operations such as evacuation, construction of shelters and relief camps, supplying of water, food, clothing and medical aids, etc., should be done on an emergency basis.
(iii) Post-disaster operations should involve the rehabilitation and recovery of victims. It should also concentrate on capacity building in order to cope up with future disasters if any.

Q22. Explain the bio-geochemical cycle. [5]
Ans: Life on Earth consists of a great variety of living organisms. These living organisms exist and survive in a diversity of associations. Such survival involves the presence of systemic flows such as flows of energy, water and nutrients. These flows show variations in different parts of the world, in different seasons of the year and under varying local circumstances.
Studies have shown that for the last one billion years, the atmosphere and hydrosphere have been composed of approximately the same balance of chemical components. This balance of the chemical elements is maintained by a Cyclic passage through the tissues of plants and animals.
The cycle starts by absorbing the chemical elements by the organism and is returned to the air, water and soil through decomposition. These cycles are largely energised by solar insolation. These cyclic movements of chemical elements of the biosphere between the organism and the environment are referred to as biogeochemical.
There are two types of biogeochemical cycles:
(a) The gaseous and the sedimentary cycle. In the gaseous cycle, the main reservoir of nutrients is the atmosphere and the ocean.
(b) In the sedimentary cycle, the main reservoir is the soil and the sedimentary and other rocks of the Earth’s crust.

Q23. How is Bhabar different from Tarai? [5]
Ans:

Q24. What are the reasons for the decline of wildlife in India? [5]
Ans: Major reasons for the decline of wildlife in India are:

• Industrial and technological advancement: This brought about a rapid increase in the exploitation of forest resources by major industries in order to withstand the competition and market pressure.
• Commercial requirement: More and more lands were cleared for agriculture, human settlement, roads, mining, reservoirs, etc. The wildlife was forced to move out of its habitat because of human greed.
• Demands of the local population: Pressure on forests mounted due to lopping for fodder and fulewood and removal of small timber by the local people. The local population started exploiting the forests in order to meet their demands.
• Grazing: Grazing by domestic cattle caused an adverse effect on wildlife and its habitat. The entire cycle got disturbed.
• Hunting: Hunting was taken up as a sport by the elite and hundreds of wild animals were killed in a single hunt. This led to wildlife disturbance. Now commercial poaching is rampant.
• Forest Fire: Incidences of forest fire have also led to the decline of the forest fire. Forest fires can be caused due to human negligence or a sudden increase in temperature.

Q25. Explain the features of saline soils. [5]
Ans: Important features of saline soils:

• They are also known as Usara soils. Saline soils contain a larger proportion of sodium, potassium and magnesium, and thus, they are infertile and do not support any vegetative growth. They have more salts, largely because of the dry climate and poor drainage.
• They occur in arid and semi-arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas. Their structure ranges from sandy to loamy.
• Seawater intrusions in the deltas promote the occurrence of saline soils. In the areas of intensive cultivation with excessive use of irrigation, especially in areas of the green revolution, the fertile alluvial soils are becoming saline.
• Excessive irrigation with dry climatic conditions promotes capillary action, which results in the deposition of salt on the top layer of the soil.
• In such areas, especially in Punjab and Haryana, farmers are advised to add gypsum to solve the problem of salinity in the soil.

Q26. Define landslides. India can be divided into how many landslide prone zones. [5]
Ans:  Landslides can be defined as a form of mass movement in which rock and debris move rapidly down the slope under the influence of gravity as a result of failure along a shear plane. India has been divided into a number of landslide prone zones:

• Very High Vulnerability Zone: Highly unstable, relatively young mountainous areas in the Himalayas and Andaman and Nicobar, high rainfall regions with steep slopes in the Western Ghats and Nilgiris, the North Eastern regions, along with areas that experience frequent ground-shaking due to Earthquakes, etc., and areas of intense human activities, particularly those related to the construction of roads, dams, etc., are included in this zone.
• High Vulnerability Zone: Areas that have almost similar conditions to those included in the very high vulnerability zone are also included in this category. The only difference between these two is the combination, intensity and frequency of the controlling factors. All the Himalayan states and the states from the Northeastern regions except the plains of Assam are included in the high vulnerability zones.
• Moderate to Low Vulnerability Zone: Areas that receive less precipitation such as Trans-Himalayan areas of Ladakh and Spiti (Himachal Pradesh), undulated yet stable relief and low precipitation areas in the Aravali, rain shadow areas in the Western and Eastern Ghats and Deccan plateau also experience occasional landslides. Landslides due to mining and subsidence are most common in states like Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa and Kerala.
• Other Areas: The remaining parts of India, particularly states like Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal (except district Darjiling), Assam (except district Karbi Anglong), and Coastal regions of the Southern States are safe as far as landslides are concerned.

Q27. On the given map of world five features are shown as A, B, C, D and E. Identify the features with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map: [5]
A. An area of mixed farming
B. A lake in the Great Lakes region
C. A major seaport in Africa
D. A major airport in Europe
E. An area where Mediterranean agriculture is practiced
Ans:

Q28. On an outline political map of India mark the following using appropriate symbols: [5]
A. State leading in coffee production
B. Baroni oil refinery
C. Ratnagiri iron-ore mine
D. An important node of north-south corridor in Telangana state
E. An international airport in Gujarat state
Ans: