CBSE Sample Question Paper (2023-24) - 5 | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
2. This question paper is divided into five sections. Sections – A, B, C, D and E.
3. Section A – Question number 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice Type Questions carrying 1 mark each.
4. Section B – Question number 18 and 19 are Source Based Questions carrying 3 marks each.
5. Section C – Question number 2D to 23 are Short Answer Type Questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to these questions shall be written in 80 to 100 words.
6. Section D – Question number 24 to 28 are Long Answer Type Questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to these questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words.
7. Section E – Question number 29 and 30 are Map based questions.

Section – A

Q1. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided
below. 1
Assertion: Forests have an intricate interrelationship with life and environment
Reason: Government adopted a forest policy in 1952 and modified in 1988.
Options:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(C) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
(D) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
Ans: Option (B) is correct.
In order to conserve and expand forest reserve on one hand and to meet the needs of local people on the other, forest policy was adopted.

Q2. Consider the following and choose the correct answer with the help of given codes 1

Options:
Ans: Option (A) is correct.

• Anaimudi is the highest peak of the Peninsular plateau.
• Khasi hills are part of the Meghalaya plateau.
• Western Ghats are known as Nilgiri hills in Karnataka.
• Extension of the central highlands is formed by the Rajmahal hills.

Q3. There are ……………….. stages in the evolution of the present atmosphere. 1
(A) two
(B) three
(C) four
(D) five
Ans: Option (B) is correct.
There are three stages in the evolution of the present atmosphere. The loss of the primordial atmosphere marks the first stage. In the second stage, the hot interior of the earth contributed , to the evolution of the atmosphere. Finally, the composition of the atmosphere was modified by the living world through photosynthesis.

Q4. Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer with the help of the given options: 1
I. When the air remains over a homogeneous area for a sufficiently longer time, it acquires the characteristics of
the area.
II. The homogeneous surfaces, over which air masses form, are called the source regions.
Options:
(A) Both statements are true.
(B) Only statement I is true.
(C) Only statement II is true.
(D) Both statements are wrong.
Ans:
Option (A) is correct.
Air over a consistent area acquires its traits over time and the areas where homogeneous air masses form are termed as source regions.

Q5. Given below is a list of fronts and their features, identify which of the following pair is not correctly matched. 1

Ans: Option (A) is correct.
In the stationary type of front, the boundary zone of two different air masses remains fixed.

Q6. Mass movements are aided by: 1
(A) gravity
(B) water
(C) air
(D) pressure
Ans: Option (A) is correct.
Mass movements are aided by gravity, as it pulls objects downhill or towards the centre of the Earth, causing materials like rocks, soil, or snow to move downward.

Q7. The most common tidal pattern features two high tides and two low tides each day.
Identify the type of tide from among the following based on the reference given in the above-mentioned line. 1
(A) Diurnal tide
(B) Semi-diurnal tide
(C) Mixed tide
(D) Neap tide
Ans: Option (B) is correct.
In Semi-diurnal tide, the successive two high tides and two low tides are almost of the same height.

Q8. The maximum height of ocean waves is determined by: 1
(A) strength of water
(B) strength of wind
(C) Both of the above
(D) None of the above
Ans:
Option (B) is correct.

Q9. The distance between the Earth and the moon is minimum when the moon is in: 1
(A) Aphelion
(B) Perigee
(C) Perihelion
(D) Apogee
Ans: Option (B) is correct.
It is the point in the orbit of the moon at which it is nearest to the Earth.

Q10. Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer with the help of given options: Statement I: 1 Temperature decreases with height.
Statement II: January temperature of Agra is 16°C whereas it is only 4°C in Darjeeling.
(A) Only statement I is correct
(B) Only statement II is correct.
(C) Both the statements are correct, and statement II correctly explains statement I.
(D) Both the statements are true but not related with each other.
Ans: Option (C) is correct.
In spite of being on the same latitude, mountainous Darjeeling is cooler than Agra which is in plain due to the thin air, which indicates that temperature decreases with height.

Q11. Arrange the mass movement that takes place during the avalanche in the correct order: 1
(i) An unstable mass of snow breaks away from a Slope
(ii) Moving mass picks up even more snow as it rushes downhill
(iii) Produces a river of snow and a cloud of icy particles that rise high into the air
(iv) The snow picks up speed as it moves downhill
(A) i, ii, iv, iii
(B) i, iv, iii, ii
(C) ii, i, iv, iii
(D) iii, i, ii, iv
Ans: Option (B) is correct.
In mass movement, unstable snow breaks away, moving snow gathers more snow and creates snow rivers and clouds then snow gains speed downhill.

Q12. The plain formed as a result of stream erosion is called: 1
(A) paired terraces
(B) meanders
(C) peneplain
(D) canyon
Ans:
Option (C) is correct.
The plain formed as a result of stream erosion is called a peneplain.

Q13. Tidal flows are of great importance in: 1
(A) formation of day and night
(B) navigation
(C) fishing
(D) surges
Ans: Option (B) is correct.
High tides raise the water level close to the shores which helps the ships to arrive at the harbour more easily.

Q14.
Khadar and the Bhangar are divisions of: 1
(A) Alluvial plains
(B) Ganga plains
(C) Brahmaputra plains
(D) Northern plains
Ans: Option (A) is correct.
Khadar and the Bhangar are divisions of Alluvial plains known as new alluvial soils and old alluvial soils respectively.

Study the following figure and answer questions no 15 to 17.
Q15.What is depicted in the above-given image? 1
(A) Emergence of Shadow Zone
(B) Types of Earthquakes
(C) Atmosphere Circulations
(D) Direction of Winds
Ans: Option (A) is correct.
Given image depicts the emergence of the shadow zone of p-waves and s-waves.

Q16.
What kind of zones are indicated by the number 1 and 2 in the given figure? 1
(A) Arrival of P waves zone
(B) Arrival of s waves zone
(C) P- waves shadow zone
(D) S-waves shadow zone
Ans: Option (C) is correct.
The shadow zone of P-waves appears as a band around the earth between 105° and 145° away from the epicentre.

Q17.
Which shadow zone is depicted in image B? 1
(A) S-waves shadow zone
(B) P-waves shadow zone
(C) Both S-waves and p-waves shadow zone
(D) None of these
Ans: Option (B) is correct.
The shadow zone of S-waves is larger in extent and it is also a little over 40 per cent of the earth’s surface.

Section – B

Question 18 & 19 are Source Based Questions.
Q18. Read the given Passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: 3
The study of every subject is done according to some approach. The major approaches to studying geography have been (i) Systematic and (ii) Regional. The systematic geography approach is the same as that of general geography. This approach was introduced by Alexander Von Humboldt, a German geographer (1769 – 1859) while the regional geography approach was developed by another German geographer and a contemporary of Humboldt, Karl Ritter (1779 – 1859). In the systematic approach, a phenomenon is studied the world over as a whole, and then the identification of typologies or spatial patterns is done.
For example, if one is interested in studying about natural vegetation, the study will be done at the world level as a first step. The typologies such as equatorial rainforests or softwood conical forests or monsoon forests, etc. will be identified, discussed and delimited. In the regional approach, the world is divided into regions at different hierarchical levels, and then all the geographical phenomena in a particular region are studied. These regions may be natural, political or designated regions. The phenomena in a region are studied in a holistic manner searching for unity in diversity.
a. What is geography?
b. Which geographical approach is the same as that of general geography?
c. In the regional approach, the world is divided into regions at different hierarchical levels. True/false.
Ans:
a. Geography is an interdisciplinary subject of study.
b. Systematic approach is the same as general geography.
c. True

Q19. Observe the below-given world map that shows the distribution of surface temperature in the month of July. 3
a. What does the Thermal Equator mean?
b. Mention one region where the 30°C temperatures are seen according to the map.
c. Identify any one region in the northern hemisphere where the lowest temperatures are seen.
Ans:
a. The thermal equator is a belt that connects the set of regions having the highest mean annual temperatures.
b. United states of America, North India, North and central Africa (Any one region can be mentioned)
c. Greenland recorded 0° C.

Section – C

Question numbers 20 to 23 are Short Answer Type Questions.

Q20. What makes the earth’s surface uneven? 3
OR
Name the factors that cause diastrophism. 3
Ans:

• The differences in the internal forces operating from within the earth which built up the crust have been responsible for the variations in the outer surface of the crust.
• The earth’s surface is continuously subjected to external forces originating within the earth’s atmosphere and by internal forces from within the earth.
• Due to the variations in the geothermal gradients and the strength, the actions of endogenic forces will not be uniform and hence the tectonically controlled original crystal surface is uneven.

OR
All processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth’s crust come under diastrophism. They include:

• Orogenic processes: It involves mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust.
• Epeirogenic processes: These involve the uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust.
• Earthquakes: These involve local relatively minor movements.
• Plate tectonics: It involves horizontal move-ments of crustal plates.

Q21. Explain the various types of rain. 3
Ans: On the basis of origin, rainfall may be classified into three main types -convectional, orographic or relief and cyclonic or frontal.

• Convectional Rain: The air on being heated, becomes light and rises up in convection currents. As it rises, it expands and loses heat and consequently, condensation takes place and cumulus clouds are formed. With thunder and lightning, heavy rainfall takes place but this does not last long.
• Orographic Rain: When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to ascend and as it rises, it expands; the temperature falls and the moisture is condensed. The windward slopes receive greater rainfall.
• Cyclonic Rain: The rain caused by cyclonic activity is called cyclonic rain. These rains take place in low-pressure areas where air moves from low-pressure areas to high-pressure areas and this movement brings rainfall.

Q22. Write a note on the features of the Peninsular Plateau. 3
OR
Write a note on the Deccan Plateau.
Ans: The various features of the Peninsular Plateau are:

• Rising from the height of 150 m above the river plains up to an elevation of 600 – 900 m is the irregular triangle known as the Peninsular Plateau.
• The Peninsular India is made up of a series of patland plateaus such as the Hazaribagh plateau, the Palamu plateau, the Ranchi plateau, the Malwa plateau, etc. This is one of the oldest and the most stable landmass of India.
• Some of the important physiographic features of this region are tors, block mountains, rift valleys, spurs, bare rocky structures, series of hummocky hills and wall-like quartzite dykes offering natural sites for water storage. The western and northwestern part of the plateau has an emphatic presence of black soil.

OR
The Deccan Plateau:

• This is bordered by the Western Ghats in the west, the Eastern Ghats in the east and the Satpura, Maikal range and Mahadeo hills in the north.
• Western Ghats are locally known by different names such as Sahyadri in Maharashtra, Nilgiri hills in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and Annamalai hills and Cardamom hills in Kerala.
• Some of the important ranges include the Javadi Hills, the Palconda Range, the Nallamala Hills, the Mahendra Giri Hills, etc.

Q23. What is the relevance of the Northern Plains for our country? 3
Ans:
The Northern Plains are very relevant for our country because:

1. It is made up of alluvial deposits brought by rivers due to which it is very fertile.
2. It is plain; therefore, it is easier to develop means of transport and communication in this region.
3. It is suitable for human habitation.

Section – D

Question numbers 24 to 28 are Long Answer Type Questions.

Q24. Explain with the help of a diagram the interior of the earth. 5
Ans: The structure of the earth can be divided into three parts:
(i) Crust
(ii) Mantle
(ii) Core
(i) Crust: It is the outermost solid part of the earth. It is brittle in nature. The oceanic crust is thinner (5 km) as compared to the continental crust (30 km). It is as much as 70 km thick in the Himalayan region. It is made up of heavier rocks having a density of 3 g/ cm³. The mean density of material in oceanic crust is 2.7 g/cm³.
(ii) Mantle: The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called the mantle. The mantle extends from Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km. The upper portion of the mantle is called the asthenosphere. The word ‘astheno’ means weak. It is considered to be extending up to 400 km. It is the main source of magma that finds its way to the surface during volcanic eruptions. It has a density higher than the crust’s (3.4 g/cm³). The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are called lithosphere. Its thickness ranges from 10-200 km. The lower mantle extends beyond the asthenosphere. It is in a solid state.
(iii) Core: The core-mantle boundary is located at a depth of 2,900 km. The outer core is in a liquid state while the inner core is in a solid state. The density of material at the mantle-core boundary is around 5 g/cm³ and at the centre of the earth at 6,300 km, the density value is around 13 g/cm3. The core is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron. It is sometimes referred to as the nife layer.

Q25. What do you know about the extension of our country? 5
Ans: India lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. The mainland of India extends from Kashmir in the North to Kanyakumari in the South and Arunachal Pradesh in the East to Gujarat in the West. India’s territorial limit further extends towards the sea up to 12 nautical miles (about 21.9 km) from the coast. Our southern boundary extends up to 6°45′ N latitude in the Bay of Bengal, the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India, is roughly about 30 degrees, whereas the actual distance measured from North to South extremity is 3,214 km, and that from East to West is only 2,933 km. India has a total area of 32, 87,263 sq. km.
India’s land length is 15, 200 km and it has a coastline of 6,100 km on the mainland and 7, 517 km on the entire geographical coast of the mainland plus the island groups of Andaman and Nicobar located in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea. The mainland extends between latitudes 8°4’N (Kanyakumari, Cape Caverian) and 37°6’N (Indira Point, J&K) and longitudes 68°7’E (Dwarka, Gujarat) and 97°25’E (Arunachal Pradesh).

Q26. Name the important drainage patterns. 5
OR
Suppose you are travelling from Hardwar to Siliguri along the foothills of the Himalayas. Name the important rivers you will come across. Describe the characteristics of any one of them.
Ans: The important drainage patterns are:

• Dendritic: The drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree is known as “dendritic”, the examples of which are the rivers of the northern plains like Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
• Radial: When the rivers originate from a hill and flow in all directions, the drainage pattern is known as ‘radial’. The rivers originating from the Amarkantak range and the Central Highlands present a good example of it.
• Trellis: When the primary tributaries of rivers flow parallel to each other and secondary tributaries join them at right angles, the pattern is known as ‘trellis’. Peninsular rivers such as Godavari, Krishna, etc are good examples.
• Centripetal: When the rivers discharge their waters from all directions in a lake or depression, the pattern is known as ‘centripetal’. These rivers form cascades/rapids and waterfalls.
  

OR
While travelling from Hardwar to Siliguri along the foothills of the Himalayas, we shall come across the Tons, Gomti, Saryu, Ramganga, Sharda, Gandak, Old Gandak, Kamla, Bagmati, Kosi and Ganga. Ganga rises in the Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh (3,900 m) in the Uttarkashi district of Uttaranchal. Here, it is known as the Bhagirathi. It cuts through the Central and the Lesser Himalayas in narrow gorges. At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi meets the Alaknanda; hereafter, it is known as the Ganga.
The Alaknanda has its source in the Satopanth glacier above Badrinath. The Alaknanda consists of the Dhauli and the Vishnu Ganga which meet at Joshimath or Vishnu Prayag. The other tributaries of Alaknanda such as the Pindar join it at Kama Prayag while Mandakini or Kali Ganga meets it at Rudra Prayag.
The Ganga enters the plains at Haridwar. From here, it flows first to the south, then to the southeast and east before splitting into two distributaries, namely the Bhagirathi and the Hugh. The river has a length of 2,525 km. It is shared by Uttarakhand (110 km) and Uttar Pradesh (1,450 km), Bihar (445 km) and West Bengal (520 km). The Ganga basin covers about 8.6 lakh sq. km area in India alone.
The Son is its major right bank tributary. The important left bank tributaries are the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghara, the Gandak, the Kosi and the Mahanada. The river finally discharges itself into the Bay of Bengal near Sagar Island.

Q27. What are the reasons for the decline of wildlife in India? 5
OR
It is important to conserve wildlife. Mention the initiatives taken in this direction.
Ans: Major reasons for the decline of wildlife in India are:

• Industrial and technological advancement: This brought about a rapid increase in the exploitation of forest resources by major industries in order to withstand the competition and market pressure.
• Commercial requirement: More and more lands were cleared for agriculture, human settlement, roads, mining, reservoirs, etc. The wildlife was forced to move out of its habitat because of human greed.
• Demands of the local population: Pressure on forests mounted due to lopping for fodder and fuelwood and removal of small timber by the local people.
• Grazing: Grazing by domestic cattle caused an adverse effect on wildlife and its habitat. The entire cycle got disturbed.
• Hunting: Hunting was taken up as a sport by the elite and hundreds of wild animals were killed in a single hunt. This led to wildlife disturbance.
• Forest Fire: Forest fires can be caused due to human negligence or sudden increase in temperature.

OR
In 1972, a comprehensive Wildlife Act was enacted, which provides the main legal framework for the conservation and protection of wildlife in India.
The two main objectives of the Act are; to provide protection to the endangered species listed in the schedule of the Act and to provide legal support to the conservation areas of the country classified as National parks, sanctuaries and closed areas. This Act has been comprehensively amended in 1991, making punishments more stringent and has also made provisions for the protection of specified plant species and conservation of endangered species of wild animals.
There are 103 National parks and 535 wildlife sanctuaries covering an area of 15.67 million hectares in the country. For the purpose of effective conservation of flora and fauna, special steps have been initiated by the Government of India in collaboration with UNESCO’s ‘Man and Biosphere Programme’. Special schemes like Project Tiger (1973) and Project Elephant (1992) have been launched to conserve these species and their habitat in a sustainable manner.
Project Tiger has been implemented since 1973. The main objective of the scheme is to ensure the maintenance of the viable population of tigers in India for scientific, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values.
Initially, Project Tiger was launched in nine tiger reserves, covering an area of 16,339 sq. km, which has now increased to 44 tiger reserves, encompassing 36,988.28 sq. km of tiger habitats distributed in 17 states. The tiger population in the country has registered an increase from 1,411 in 2006 to 1,706 in 2010

Q28. How is economic life in India affected by monsoon? 5
OR
How many distinct seasons are found in India as per the Indian Meteorological Department? Discuss the weather conditions associated with any one season in detail.
Ans:

• Monsoon is that axis around which revolves the entire agricultural cycle of India. It is because about 64 per cent people of India depend on agriculture for their livelihood and agriculture itself is based on southwest monsoon.
• Except Himalayas, all the parts of the country have temperature above the threshold level to grow crops or plants throughout the year.
• Regional variations in monsoon climate help in growing various types of crops.
• Variability of rainfall brings droughts or floods every year in some parts of the country.
• Agricultural prosperity of India depends very much on timely and adequately distributed rainfall. If it fails, agriculture is adversely affected particularly in those regions where means of irrigation are not developed.
• Sudden monsoon burst creates the problem of soil erosion over large areas in India.

OR
The distinct seasons found in India as per the Indian Meteorological Department are:
(i) The Cold Weather: Usually, the cold weather season sets in by mid-November in northern India. December and January are the coldest months in the northern plain. The mean daily temperature remains below 21°C cover most parts of northern India. The night temperature may be quite low, sometimes going below freezing points in Punjab and Rajasthan. The snowfall in the nearby Himalayan ranges creates a cold wave situation. There is hardly any seasonal change in the distribution pattern of the temperature in coastal areas because of the moderating influence of the sea and the proximity to the equator.
(ii) The Hot Weather: With the apparent northward movement of the sun towards the Tropic of Cancer in March, temperatures start rising in north India. April, May and June are the months of summer in north India. In most parts of India, temperatures recorded are between 30°-32°C. In March, the highest day temperature of about 38°C occurs in the Deccan Plateau while in April, temperatures ranging between 38°C and 43°C are found in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. The hot weather season in south India is mild and not as intense as found in north India.
(iii) The Southwest Monsoon: The rain in the southwest monsoon season begins rather abruptly. One result of the first rain is that it brings down the temperature substantially. This sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as the “break” or “burst” of the monsoons. The monsoon may burst in the first week of June in the coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra while in the interior parts of the country, it may be delayed to the first week of July.

(iv) Season of Retreating Monsoon: The monsoon retreats from western Rajasthan by the first week of September. It withdraws from Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Ganga Plain and the Central Highlands by the end of the month. The retreating southwest monsoon season is marked by clear skies and a rise in temperature. The land is still moist. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’.

Section – E

Question numbers 29 & 30 are Map based questions having 5 sub-parts each.
Q29. Identify and label the Biosphere reserves in the given outline map of India with the help of the following information. Locate any five of the following. 5
(A) Found in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka
(B) Part of the delta of Ganga and Brahamaputra rivers
(C) Found in Madhya Pradesh
(D) Located in the Himalayan mountains
(E) First mixed heritage site of India
(F) Consists 85% of Nicobar Islands known for its tropical evergreen forest
(G) Part of Salt marshes
Ans:

(A) Nilgiri(B) Sunderbans
(C) Pachmarhi
(D) Nanda Devi
(E) Khangchenjunga
(F) Great Nicobar
(G) Great Rann of Kutch (Any five)

Q30. On an outline map of the world, locate and mark any five of the following. (Mark with appropriate symbols wherever needed) 5
(A) Arabian Plate(B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(C) Nazca Plate
(D) Eurasian Plate
(E) Caribbean Plate
(F) Cocos Plate
Ans: