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Page 1
SOCIAL SCIENCE
GRADE X
REVISED HAND BOOK
2 0 1 5-16
TEM II
Prepared by
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
www.isbsocialnotes.weebly.com
The Indian School Bahrain
Page 2
SOCIAL SCIENCE
GRADE X
REVISED HAND BOOK
2 0 1 5-16
TEM II
Prepared by
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
www.isbsocialnotes.weebly.com
The Indian School Bahrain
NM ISB
- 80 -
C O N T E N T
No.
CHAPTERS Page No.
TERM II ( SA 2 )
HISTORY
23 Marks
Chapter 2
Nationalism in India
82-94
Chapter 3
Nationalism in Indo China
95-102
GEOGRAPHY
23 Marks
Chapter 5
Minerals and Energy Resources
104-111
Chapter 6
Manufacturing Industries
112-121
Chapter 7
Lifelines of National Economy
122-128
DE.POLITICS
22 Marks
Chapter 5
Popular Struggles and Movements
130-134
Chapter 6
Political Parties
135-138
Chapter 7
Outcomes of Democracy
139-142
Chapter 8
Challenges to Democracy
143-144
ECONOMICS
22 Marks
Chapter 3
Money and Credit
146-150
Chapter 4
Globalization and the Indian Economy
151-156
Chapter 5
Consumer Rights
157-163
Sample Papers
One Mark Questions & Answers
Total 90 Marks
Board Papers
Page 3
SOCIAL SCIENCE
GRADE X
REVISED HAND BOOK
2 0 1 5-16
TEM II
Prepared by
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
www.isbsocialnotes.weebly.com
The Indian School Bahrain
NM ISB
- 80 -
C O N T E N T
No.
CHAPTERS Page No.
TERM II ( SA 2 )
HISTORY
23 Marks
Chapter 2
Nationalism in India
82-94
Chapter 3
Nationalism in Indo China
95-102
GEOGRAPHY
23 Marks
Chapter 5
Minerals and Energy Resources
104-111
Chapter 6
Manufacturing Industries
112-121
Chapter 7
Lifelines of National Economy
122-128
DE.POLITICS
22 Marks
Chapter 5
Popular Struggles and Movements
130-134
Chapter 6
Political Parties
135-138
Chapter 7
Outcomes of Democracy
139-142
Chapter 8
Challenges to Democracy
143-144
ECONOMICS
22 Marks
Chapter 3
Money and Credit
146-150
Chapter 4
Globalization and the Indian Economy
151-156
Chapter 5
Consumer Rights
157-163
Sample Papers
One Mark Questions & Answers
Total 90 Marks
Board Papers
NM ISB
- 81 -
TERM II
UNIT I
HISTORY
PREPARED BY
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
THE INDIAN SCHOOL, BAHRAIN
Page 4
SOCIAL SCIENCE
GRADE X
REVISED HAND BOOK
2 0 1 5-16
TEM II
Prepared by
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
www.isbsocialnotes.weebly.com
The Indian School Bahrain
NM ISB
- 80 -
C O N T E N T
No.
CHAPTERS Page No.
TERM II ( SA 2 )
HISTORY
23 Marks
Chapter 2
Nationalism in India
82-94
Chapter 3
Nationalism in Indo China
95-102
GEOGRAPHY
23 Marks
Chapter 5
Minerals and Energy Resources
104-111
Chapter 6
Manufacturing Industries
112-121
Chapter 7
Lifelines of National Economy
122-128
DE.POLITICS
22 Marks
Chapter 5
Popular Struggles and Movements
130-134
Chapter 6
Political Parties
135-138
Chapter 7
Outcomes of Democracy
139-142
Chapter 8
Challenges to Democracy
143-144
ECONOMICS
22 Marks
Chapter 3
Money and Credit
146-150
Chapter 4
Globalization and the Indian Economy
151-156
Chapter 5
Consumer Rights
157-163
Sample Papers
One Mark Questions & Answers
Total 90 Marks
Board Papers
NM ISB
- 81 -
TERM II
UNIT I
HISTORY
PREPARED BY
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
THE INDIAN SCHOOL, BAHRAIN
NM ISB
- 82 -
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
1. How did the First World War help in the growth of national movement in India?
i. The First World War created a new economic and political situation. It led to a huge
increase in the war expenditure financed by war loans and increasing taxes.; customs
duties were raised and income tax was introduced.
ii. The price rise was double during the war years. It led to severe hardship for the
common people.
iii. Forced recruitment of soldiers in the rural areas caused wide spread anger.
iv. Failure of crops in 1918-19 and 1920-21 resulted in acute shortage of food. This was
accompanied by an influenza. 13 million people perished in this famine and the
epidemic. All these led to the growth of national movement in India.
2. What is meant by the idea of ‘satyagraha’? Or ‘A satyagrahi wins the battle through
non-violence.’ Explain with examples.
i. The idea of satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
It is suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then
physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
ii. With out seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle
through non-violence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the
oppressor.
iii. People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of
being forced to accept truth through the use of violence. By this struggle, truth was
bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-
violence could unite all Indians.
3. Mention some of the early political agitations of Mahatma Gandhi in India.
i. After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized satyagraha
movements in various places. In 1916 he traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire
the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
ii. Then in 1917, he organized a satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda
district of Gujarat. Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of
Kheda could not pay the revenue, and were demanding that revenue collection be
relaxed.
iii. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a satyagraha movement
amongst cotton mill workers.
4. Write a note on the Rowlatt Act.
i. This Act gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and
allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. This Act had been
hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition
of the Indian members
ii. Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed
Rowlatt Act. He wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which
would start with a ‘hartal’ on 6 April.
iii. Rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops,
and shops closed down. Alarmed by the popular upsurge, and scared that lines of
communication such as the railways and telegraph would be disrupted, the British
administration decided to clamp down on nationalists.
Page 5
SOCIAL SCIENCE
GRADE X
REVISED HAND BOOK
2 0 1 5-16
TEM II
Prepared by
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
www.isbsocialnotes.weebly.com
The Indian School Bahrain
NM ISB
- 80 -
C O N T E N T
No.
CHAPTERS Page No.
TERM II ( SA 2 )
HISTORY
23 Marks
Chapter 2
Nationalism in India
82-94
Chapter 3
Nationalism in Indo China
95-102
GEOGRAPHY
23 Marks
Chapter 5
Minerals and Energy Resources
104-111
Chapter 6
Manufacturing Industries
112-121
Chapter 7
Lifelines of National Economy
122-128
DE.POLITICS
22 Marks
Chapter 5
Popular Struggles and Movements
130-134
Chapter 6
Political Parties
135-138
Chapter 7
Outcomes of Democracy
139-142
Chapter 8
Challenges to Democracy
143-144
ECONOMICS
22 Marks
Chapter 3
Money and Credit
146-150
Chapter 4
Globalization and the Indian Economy
151-156
Chapter 5
Consumer Rights
157-163
Sample Papers
One Mark Questions & Answers
Total 90 Marks
Board Papers
NM ISB
- 81 -
TERM II
UNIT I
HISTORY
PREPARED BY
NARAYANAN MANNANDI
THE INDIAN SCHOOL, BAHRAIN
NM ISB
- 82 -
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
1. How did the First World War help in the growth of national movement in India?
i. The First World War created a new economic and political situation. It led to a huge
increase in the war expenditure financed by war loans and increasing taxes.; customs
duties were raised and income tax was introduced.
ii. The price rise was double during the war years. It led to severe hardship for the
common people.
iii. Forced recruitment of soldiers in the rural areas caused wide spread anger.
iv. Failure of crops in 1918-19 and 1920-21 resulted in acute shortage of food. This was
accompanied by an influenza. 13 million people perished in this famine and the
epidemic. All these led to the growth of national movement in India.
2. What is meant by the idea of ‘satyagraha’? Or ‘A satyagrahi wins the battle through
non-violence.’ Explain with examples.
i. The idea of satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
It is suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then
physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
ii. With out seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle
through non-violence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the
oppressor.
iii. People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of
being forced to accept truth through the use of violence. By this struggle, truth was
bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-
violence could unite all Indians.
3. Mention some of the early political agitations of Mahatma Gandhi in India.
i. After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized satyagraha
movements in various places. In 1916 he traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire
the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
ii. Then in 1917, he organized a satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda
district of Gujarat. Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of
Kheda could not pay the revenue, and were demanding that revenue collection be
relaxed.
iii. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a satyagraha movement
amongst cotton mill workers.
4. Write a note on the Rowlatt Act.
i. This Act gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and
allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. This Act had been
hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition
of the Indian members
ii. Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed
Rowlatt Act. He wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which
would start with a ‘hartal’ on 6 April.
iii. Rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops,
and shops closed down. Alarmed by the popular upsurge, and scared that lines of
communication such as the railways and telegraph would be disrupted, the British
administration decided to clamp down on nationalists.
NM ISB
- 83 -
iv. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from
entering Delhi. On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession,
provoking widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations. Martial law
was imposed and General Dyer took command.
5. What were the circumstances that led to the Jallian walla Bagh massacre? ( Why was
the Rowlatt Satyahraha launched ? Why was it called off?)
i. The British Government passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919. It gave the British officers
wide powers to imprison people with out trial.
ii. Rowlatt satyagraha was organized in different parts of the country against this Black Act.
iii. On 13 April a crowd of villagers who had come to Amritsar to attend a fair gathered in
the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla Bagh. Being from outside the city, they were
unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
iv. General Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd,
killing hundreds. His object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’, to
create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe.
v. As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north
Indian towns. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government
buildings.
vi. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorize
people: satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets,
and do ‘salaam’ (salute) to all sahibs; people were flogged and villages (around
Gujranwala in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. Seeing violence spread,
Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.
Describe in brief the reactions of the people immediately after Jallianwalla Bagh
incident. ( Write points v and vi above )
6. What was the Khilafat issue? How did it become part of the nationalist movement?
i. The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were
rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor –
the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa).
ii. To defend the Khalifa’s powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay
in March 1919. A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali
and Shaukat Ali, started this movement and they began discussing with Mahatma
Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass struggle on the issue.
iii. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified
national movement. At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, he
convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of
Khilafat as well as for swaraj.
7. What were the reasons for the launching of the Non-cooperation movement? What was
Gandhiji’s idea behind launching it as stated in his book Hind Swaraj?
i. The attainment of Swaraj: Self-rule became the goal of the Congress in 1906. The
British had promised to give self rule after the First World War. However, it was not
achieved. The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre forced Gandhiji to
start Non Cooperation Movement.
ii. To support Khilafat Movement: The Khilafat Movement was started by Ali Brothers
to stop the injustice done to Turkey. Gandhiji decided to work together with this
movement to bring the Muslims to the nationalist movement.
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FAQs on Class 10 History Notes
| 1. What is the significance of the Indian National Congress in Indian history? |  |
Ans. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence from British rule. It acted as a platform for Indian leaders to voice their political demands and grievances. The Congress also organized several movements, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Quit India Movement, which played a significant role in India's freedom struggle.
| 2. Who was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, and what was his contribution to Indian history? | |
Ans. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a prominent Indian nationalist leader who played a crucial role in India's freedom struggle. He advocated non-violent civil disobedience and inspired millions of Indians to participate in the freedom struggle. Through his leadership, he helped India gain independence from British rule in 1947.
| 3. What were the causes of the partition of India in 1947? | |
Ans. The partition of India in 1947 was a result of several factors, including religious differences between Hindus and Muslims, political tensions between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, and the British government's inability to maintain law and order in India. The partition resulted in the creation of two independent nations, India and Pakistan.
| 4. What was the impact of British colonialism on India's economy? | |
Ans. British colonialism had a significant impact on India's economy. The British exploited India's resources, such as raw materials and labor, and used them to fuel their own industrial revolution. This led to the underdevelopment of India's industries and economy. The British also imposed several economic policies, such as heavy taxation and the destruction of India's traditional industries, which further weakened India's economy.
| 5. What was the significance of the Salt March in Indian history? | |
Ans. The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March, was a non-violent civil disobedience movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. The movement was aimed at protesting against the British salt tax and encouraging Indians to make their own salt. The Salt March was a significant event in Indian history as it brought attention to the Indian independence movement and inspired millions of Indians to participate in the struggle for freedom.
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