Table of contents |
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Timber |
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Structure Of Tree |
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Conversion of Timber |
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Defects in Timber |
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Timber used for construction activities is derived from the trees that are generally of two types.
(1) Exogenous trees
(2) Endogenous trees
These trees are further of two types.
(A) Conifer Trees
(B) Deciduous Trees
Conifer trees:–
Deciduous trees: -
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Timber
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The processing of timber is carried out in four distinct operations.
Felling of Trees:–
Seasoning of Timber:–
Methods of Artificial Seasoning:–
(i) Boiling
(ii) Electrical seasoning
(iii) Kiln seasoning
(iv) Water seasoning
(v) Chemical seasoning
Boiling:
Electrical Seasoning:
Kiln seasoning:
Chemical seasoning:
Ordinary Sawing
Quarter Sawing
Tangential Sawing
Radial sawing
Preservation of Timber
Preservation of the timber can be carried out by only of the following methods:–
(i) As Cu Treatment :– (As2 DB O5. 2H2O, CusO4 . 5H2O, CuSO4, K2Cr2O7 / Na2 Cr2O7)
(ii) Application of Chemical Salts:–
(iii) Coal Tar:-
(iv) Application of creosote oil:–
(v) Application of Oil paints & Solignum Paints:–
(1) Defects due to conversion.
(2) Defect due to attack of fungi.
(3) Defects due to natural forces.
(4) Defects due to seasoning.
Defects due to conversion:
CHIP MARK:–
(b) Diagonal Grain:–
(c) Torn Grain:–
(d) Wane:–
Defects due to attack of fungi: -
Defects due to fungi in timber contain.
(a) Blue stain:–
(b) Sap stain: -
(c) Brown Rot: -
(d) White Rot:-
(e) Dry Rot:–
(f) Wet Rot:–
(2) Defects due to Natural forces:–
Shakes: The cracking of the timber section that results in the separation of the fibers either partially or fully is termed as shake.
Different types of shakes:–
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2. How is timber converted from trees? | ![]() |
3. What are some common defects in timber? | ![]() |
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5. What are some frequently asked questions about timber in civil engineering? | ![]() |