Table of contents | |
What is Industry? | |
Classification of Industries | |
Factors Affecting Location of Industries | |
Industrial System | |
Distribution of Major Industries | |
Jamshedpur |
Industry refers to economic activities concerned with the production of goods, extraction of natural resources, and the provision of services.
IndustrySecondary Activities:
Industries are classified based on the type of economic activity they are involved in and the nature of the products they produce. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownesrship.Basis of Classification of Industries
Industries may be agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based and forest-based depending on the type of raw materials they use.
(i) Agro-Based Industries: Agro-based industries are those that use plants and animals to make their products. Examples of these industries include food processing, making vegetable oil, producing cotton clothes, making dairy products like milk and cheese, and creating leather products.
Agro- Based Industries
(ii) Mineral-Based Industries: Mineral-based industries are important industries that use minerals from the earth as their raw materials. These industries make products that are used by other industries.
For example, iron is made from iron ore in a mineral-based industry. This iron is then used to make many other things like big machines, materials for buildings, and railway coaches.
Mineral-based industries.
(iii) Marine-Based Industries: Marine-based industries are businesses that use things from the sea and oceans to make their products.
Marine-based industries.
Examples of these industries include processing seafood or making fish oil.
(iv) Forest-Based Industries: Forest-based industries are businesses that use things from the forest to make their products.
Examples of these industries include making paper from trees, creating medicine from plants found in the forest, manufacturing furniture using wood from trees, and constructing buildings using timber from the forest.
Size refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production. Based on size, industries can be classified into small scale and large scale industries.
(i) Small Scale Industries: Cottage or household industries are small businesses where products are made by hand by skilled artisans. Examples of cottage industries include basket weaving, pottery, and other handmade crafts. These industries require less money and advanced technology compared to large-scale industries that make a lot of products.
(ii) Large Scale Industries: Large-scale industries require more money to invest in capital and use advanced technology. Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are large scale industries.
Marine-based industries.
Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.
(i) Private Sector: Private sector industries are businesses that are owned and run by individuals or a group of people.
(ii) Public Sector or State-Owned Industries: Industries owned and operated by the government are Public Sector Industries. Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited.
(iii) Joint Sector: Joint sector industries are businesses that are owned and run by both the government and individuals or a group of people. An example of a joint sector industry is Maruti Udyog Limited.
(iv) Co-operative: Co-operative sector industries are businesses that are owned and run by the people who provide the raw materials or work in the industry, or sometimes both. Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy are examples of successful co-operative ventures.
An industrial system involves three main parts: inputs, processes, and outputs.
(i) Inputs in the industrial system are the materials, workers, and expenses for things like land, transportation, and power.
(ii) Processes involve various activities that transform the raw materials into finished products.
(iii) Outputs are the final products and the income generated from selling them.
For example, in the textile industry, the inputs may include cotton, workers, factories, and transportation costs. The processes involve steps like ginning (separating cotton fibers), spinning (turning fibers into yarn), weaving (creating fabric), dyeing (adding colors), and printing (adding patterns or designs).
Industrial DisasterThe occurrence of industrial accidents and disasters is often attributed to technical failures or irresponsible handling of hazardous materials.
Incident 1: One of the most severe industrial disasters took place in Bhopal on December 3, 1984, around 00:30 a.m., involving a technological mishap at the Union Carbide pesticide factory. The release of highly toxic Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas, along with Hydrogen Cyanide and other byproducts, resulted in an official death toll of 3,598 by 1989. Survivors continue to face various health issues such as blindness, impaired immune systems, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Incident 2: on December 23, 2005, in Gao Qiao, Chongqing, China, a gas well blowout led to 243 fatalities, 9,000 injuries, and the evacuation of 64,000 individuals. Many casualties occurred as people were unable to escape the explosion, suffering burns to their eyes, skin, and lungs from the released gas.
Risk Reduction Measures
- Spatial Planning: Densely populated residential areas should be situated at a considerable distance from industrial zones.
- Public Awareness: Individuals residing near industrial areas should be informed about the storage of toxins or hazardous substances and the potential effects in the event of an accident.
- Fire Safety: Improvements should be made to fire warning and fighting systems within industrial facilities.
- Storage Limitations: The storage capacity of toxic substances should be restricted to minimize potential hazards.
- Pollution Control: Industries should enhance pollution dispersion qualities to reduce the environmental impact of potential accidents.
The iron and steel industry, like other sectors, involves various inputs, processes, and outputs, serving as a key feeder industry supplying raw materials to other sectors. Inputs for this industry include iron ore, coal, limestone, labor, capital, site, and infrastructure.
The process of converting iron ore into steel involves stages such as smelting and refining in a blast furnace, ultimately producing steel, which is used as raw material by other industries.From iron ore to steel in a blast furnace
The changing location of the iron and steel industry
World: Major Iron Ore Producing Areas
TISCO and Government Initiatives
Reasons for Choosing Sakchi
Industrial Growth in Jamshedpur
Location of Iron & Steel Industry in JamshedpurSignificance of Iron and Steel Industry in India
Pittsburgh is a major steel city in the United States.
Pittsburgh
Locational Advantages:
Current Industry Setup:
1. What are the different types of industries?
Ans. There are various types of industries such as primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Primary industries involve the extraction of raw materials, secondary industries transform those raw materials into finished products, and tertiary industries provide services to consumers.
2. What are the advantages of the industrial sector?
Ans. The industrial sector provides numerous advantages such as job creation, economic growth, increased productivity, and the development of new technologies and products.
3. What are the challenges faced by the industrial sector?
Ans. The industrial sector faces several challenges such as increasing competition, changing market demands, rising costs of production, and environmental concerns.
4. How can the industrial sector contribute to sustainable development?
Ans. The industrial sector can contribute to sustainable development by adopting green technologies, reducing waste and pollution, conserving resources, and promoting social responsibility.
5. What is the role of government in the industrial sector?
Ans. The government plays a significant role in the industrial sector by formulating policies, providing incentives, regulating industries, promoting research and development, and ensuring compliance with environmental and labor laws.
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1. What is the classification of industries? |
2. What are the factors affecting the location of industries? |
3. What is an industrial system? |
4. How are major industries distributed geographically? |
5. What are industrial disasters? |
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