NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 - Industries

Exercises

Ans: The term 'industry' refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods (e.g., iron and steel industry), extraction of minerals (e.g., coal mining industry) or provision of services (e.g., tourism industry).

Iron & Steel Industry 

(ii) What are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Ans: Setting up an industry leads to the development and growth of that location.
The factors that affect the location of industries are: 

• The easy availability of raw materials and land.
• Adequate supply of water and labour, access to power and transport, presence of markets and a good amount of capital. 
• Sometimes, the government also provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost and other infrastructural facilities. This is done to encourage industries to be established in economically backward areas.

(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

Ans: The iron and steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry because almost everything is either made from iron or steel or has been made using tools and machinery of these metals.

Examples like -ships, trains, vehicles; all are made largely of steel. Materials of our day-to-day use starting safety pin to our building in which we live, are made from steel. Without the use of iron no industry can run.

Q2: Distinguish between the following
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
Ans:

(ii) Public-sector and joint-sector industry
Ans: 

Q3: Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
(i) Raw materials: ____________ and _____________
(ii) End product: ____________ and _____________
(iii) Tertiary activities: ____________ and _____________
(iv) Agro-based industries: ____________ and _____________
(v) Cottage industries: ____________ and _____________
(vi) Co-operatives: ____________ and _____________
Ans:
(i) Raw materials: cotton and steel
(ii) End product: shirt and safety pin
(iii) Tertiary activities: banking and transport
(iv) Agro-based industries: dairy industry and cotton textile industry
(v) Cottage industries: pottery industry and basket-weaving industry
(vi) Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy

Deleted Questions from NCERT

Q.1. (iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
Ans: The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industries in the world. In India, Mumbai was the first place which saw the establishment of a successful mechanized textile mill in 1854. Mumbai saw the rapid expansion of the cotton textile industry after this because of the following reasons:-
(i) Favourable climatic conditions such as warm and moist climate
(ii) Nearness of a port which facilitated import of machinery
(iii) Availability of raw material and skilled labour.

(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California?
Ans: Similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California: → Presence of high quality educational institutions, and advanced scientific and technological centres.
→ Pleasant climate and clean environment.
→ Presence of good quality, skilled workforce.
→ Access to markets.
→ Well-developed and well-connected.

Q 2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Silicon Valley is located in
(a) Bangalore
(b) California
(c) Ahmedabad
Ans: (b) California

(ii) Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industry?
 (a) Iron and steel industry
 (b) Cotton textile
 (c) Information technology
Ans: (c) Information technology

(iii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
(a) Nylon
(b) Jute
(c) Acrylic
Ans: (b) Jute