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Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 11 Notes Chemistry Chapter 16
Drugs:
Analgesics
- Description - Relieve or decreases the pain without causing unconsciousness. These are also known as “Pain Killers”.
- Examples - Asprin, Analgin, seridon etc.
Tranquizers/ Antidepressants
- Description - These are used for treatment of mental diseases.
- Examples - Equanil, Calmpose, Tofranil, Barbituric Acid, Cocaine and Iproniazids etc.
Antiseptics
- Description - They are applied on living tissues to kill or prevent the growth of micro-organisms.
- Examples - Dettol, Savlon and Acriflavin etc.
Disinfectants
- Description - These are applied on floor, instruments or wall etc. to kill microorganisms but are not safe for application on living tissues.
- Examples - Phenol
Antimicrobial
- Description - These are use to either kill (bactericidal) or stop the growth of diseases causing microorganisms. (bacteriostatic).
- Examples - Salvarsan, Prontosil, Sulphanilamide, Bacteriostatic Drugs: Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol Bactericidal Drugs: Ofloxacin, Aminoglycosides.
Antipyretics
- Description - These drugs bring down the body temperature during fever.
- Examples - Paracetamol, Analgin and Novalgin.
Antifertility Drugs
- Description - Prevent pregnancy in women by controlling menstrual cycle and ovulation.
- Examples - Norethindrone & Mestranol
Antacids
- Description - Used for the treatment of acidity. Metal hydroxides are generally used as antacids.
- Examples - Eno, & Milk of magnesia [Mg(OH)2]
Antibiotics
- Description - These are the chemical substances which are produced by micro –organisms like bacteria and fungi and are able to kill or stop the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
- Examples - Penicillin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin.
Antihistamins
- Description - These drugs compete with histamine for finding sites of receptors and thus interfere with the natural action of histamine.
- Examples - Brompheniramine & Terfenadine
Artificial Sweetening Agents
Food preservatives:
These are the chemical substances which prevent undesirable changes in flavor, colour, texture of the food during processing and storage of food.
Examples: Table salt, sugar, vegetable oils, sodium benzoate (C6H5COONa) etc.
Cleansing Agents
Soaps:
Sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids.
Soaps do not work with hard water as it forms insoluble salts with calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water.
Detergents:
Sodium or potassium salts of sulphonic acids. These can work with hard water also.
Anionic Detergents: Sodium Slats of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons
Cationic Detergents: Quaternary ammonium salts of ammines with acetates, chlorates or bromates.
Non-Ionic Detergents: Do not contain any ion.
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FAQs on Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 11 Notes Chemistry Chapter 16
| 1. What is the importance of chemistry in everyday life? |  |
Chemistry plays a crucial role in our everyday lives. It helps us understand how different substances interact, provides insights into the properties of materials we use, and aids in the development of new products and technologies. Chemistry is involved in various aspects of our daily routines, such as cooking, cleaning, and personal care. It also contributes to important fields like medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.
| 2. How does chemistry impact the food we eat? | |
Chemistry plays a significant role in the production, processing, and preservation of food. It helps ensure the safety and quality of food products. For example, through chemical analysis, contaminants in food can be detected, and the nutritional content can be determined. Chemistry is also involved in food additives, flavorings, and the development of new food products. Additionally, understanding chemical reactions during cooking can enhance the taste, texture, and appearance of food.
| 3. What is the role of chemistry in medicine? | |
Chemistry is essential in the field of medicine as it helps in the development and evaluation of drugs, understanding how they interact with the body, and designing targeted therapies. Pharmaceutical chemistry is involved in the synthesis and analysis of drugs, ensuring their purity and effectiveness. It also aids in drug delivery systems, diagnostic techniques, and the study of biochemical processes in the body. Chemistry is crucial for advancements in medical research and improving healthcare outcomes.
| 4. How does chemistry contribute to environmental science? | |
Chemistry is vital for understanding and addressing environmental issues. It helps in the analysis of pollutants, studying their sources, distribution, and effects on ecosystems and human health. Chemical reactions and processes in the environment, such as acid rain, ozone depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions, are studied through chemistry. Additionally, chemistry plays a role in developing sustainable technologies, renewable energy sources, and methods for waste management and pollution control.
| 5. How does chemistry impact personal care products? | |
Chemistry is involved in the formulation and development of various personal care products, such as soaps, shampoos, cosmetics, and skincare items. It helps ensure the safety, efficacy, and stability of these products. Chemistry is used to understand the interactions between different ingredients, create desired textures and fragrances, and enhance product performance. Chemical analysis is also conducted to ensure compliance with regulations and to assess potential health risks associated with personal care products.
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