Class 10 Exam  >  Class 10 Notes  >  Mathematics (Maths) Class 10  >  Long Answer Questions: Triangles

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

Q1.Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
Using the above result, prove the following:
In Δ ABC, XY is parallel to BC and it divides Δ ABC into two parts of equal area. Prove that:
 = 
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Sol. Part-I  [See proof of the theorem on the ratio of areas of similar triangles]
Part-II
We have a Δ ABC in which XY y BC such that
ar (Δ ABC) = 2 ar (Δ AXY)
⇒  Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles    ...(1)
Now, in Δ ABC and Δ AXY, we have
<1 = <2  and  <3 = <4 [Corresponding angles]
⇒ Δ ABC ~ Δ AXY
[using the Basic Proportionality Theorem]
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

[using the above theorem] ...(2)
From (1) and (2), we get
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

Q2.Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares on their corresponding sides. Using the above, do the following:
The diagonals of a trapezium ABCD, with AB y DC, intersect each other at the point O. If  AB = 2 CD, find the ratio of the area of Δ AOB to the area of ΔCOD.
Sol.
Part-I  [See proof of the theorem on the ratio of areas of similar Ds
Part-II
We have a trapezium ABCD such that AB y DC and AB = 2 CD
In Δ AOB and Δ COD
Œ AB y DC
∴ <1 = < 2
[Int. alternate angles are equal]
<3 = <4
∴ Using AA similarity, we have
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
But AB = 2 CD
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles 
Thus, ar (Δ AOB) : ar (Δ COD) = 4 : 1.

Q3. A peacock is sitting on the top of a pillar, which is 9 m high. From a point 27 m away from the bottom of the pillar, a snake is coming to its hole at the base of the pillar. Seeing the snake, the peacock pounces on it. If their speeds are equal, at what distance from the hole is the snake caught?
 Sol.
Let the position of hole is at ‘H’ and snake be at ‘S’. If the point ‘P’ represents the peacock and let the distance between hole to the place where they meet = x metres
∴  SH = 27 m = PC
[Œ their speeds are equal]
Now SC = (27 - x) m
PC = (27 - x) m
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

In right D PHC, we have:
PH2 + CH2 = PC2
[By Pythagoras Theorem]
⇒ (9)2 + (x)2 = (27 - x)2
⇒ 81 + x2 = 729 - 54x + x2
⇒ 54x = 729 - 81 = 648
⇒ x = 648/54=12m
Hence, the required distance = 12 m.

Q4. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of squares of their corresponding sides.
 Using the above result, prove the following:
 If D is a point on the side AB of D ABC such that
 AD : DB = 3 : 2 and E is a point on BC such that DE y AC; find the ratio of the areas of Δ ABC and Δ BDE.
 Sol.
Part-I  [See proof of the theorem on ratio of areas of similar triangles]
Part-II
In Δ ABC,
Œ DE y AC [Given]
∴ <1 = <2 [Corresponding Angles]
Let BD = 2 k  and  AD = 3 k
∴ AB = AD + DB
= 3 k + 2 k = 5 k
Now in D ABC and D BDE
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

<B = <B [Common]
<1 = <2 [Proved above]
∴ Using AA similarity we have:
Δ ABC ~ Δ BDE
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
⇒ ar (Δ ABC) : (ar Δ BDE) = 25 : 4.

Q5. Prove that in a right triangle the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
 Making use of the above, prove the following:
 In a rhombus ABCD, prove that:
 4 AB2 = AC2 + BD2

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

 

Sol. Part-I . [see proof of Pythagoras Theorem]
Part-II.
We have a rhombus ABCD whose diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.
Since the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
∴ AC ≌ BD  And
OA = OC
OB = OD
In right Δ AOB, we have
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
[using the above result]
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles


Q6. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.
 Using the above, do the following:
 If D is a point on the side AC of D ABC such that AD: DC = 2 : 3 and E is a point on BC such that DE y AB; then find the ratio of areas of Δ ABC and Δ CDE.
 Sol.
Part-I  [See the proof of the theorem]
Part-II. We have D ABC in which 
DE y AB
∴ In Δ ABC and Δ DEC,
<C = <C [Common]
<1 = <2 [Corresponding
 Using AA similarity,
Δ ABC ~ Δ DEC
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
From (1) and (2), we get
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

Q7.Prove that, if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
 Using the above result, do the following:
 In the figure, DE y BC and BD = CE. Prove that D ABC is an isosceles triangle.
 Sol. 
Part-I  [See the proof of Basic Proportionality Theorem]
Part-II In Δ ABC,
Since DE y BC [Given]
∴ Using the Basic Proportionality Theorem, we get
= Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

From (1) and (2) we get
= Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
From (2) and (3), we get
AD + BD = AE + CE
⇒ AB = AC
⇒ Δ ABC is an isosceles triangle.

Q8. Prove that, in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
 Using the above, do the following:
 Prove that, in a D ABC, if AD is perpendicular to BC, then
 AB2 + CD2 =   AC2 + BD2
 Sol.
Part-I  See the proof of the Pythagoras Theorem]
Part-II  We have Δ ABC in which AD ⊥ BC
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

∴ In right D ADB, <D = 90°
∴ Using Pythagoras theorem,
AB2 = AD2 + BD2    
⇒AD2 = AB2 - BD2  ...(1)
Similarly, in right D ADC
AC2 = AD2 + CD2  
⇒ AD2 = AC2 - CD2  ...(2)
From (1) and (2), we get
AB2 - BD2 = AC2 - CD2
AB2 + CD2 = AC2 + BD2


Q9. ABCD is a trapezium with AB y DC. E and F are points on non-parallel sides AD and BC respectively such that EF is parallel to AB. Show that

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Sol. Join AC such that it meets EF at G.
 ABy DC and  EFy AB
∴ EF y DC [Q Lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other]
In Δ ADC
EG y DC [Q EG is a part of EF]
⇒  = Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles ...(1)
 Next in DCAB
 = 
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles ...(2)
 From (1) and (2), we get
 = 
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
 

Q10. ABCD is a trapezium in which AByDC and P and Q are points on AD and BC, respectively such that PQy DC. If PD = 18 cm, BQ = 35 cm and QC = 15 cm, find AD.
 [NCERT Exemplar]
 Sol.
Since AByDC and PQyDC
 ⇒  = 
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles  ...(1)
Substituting
 PD = 18 cm,   BQ = 35 cm
and  CQ =  15 cm in (1), we get

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
Since, AD = AP + PD
∴ AD = 42 cm + 18 cm = 60 cm

Q11. In the following figure if AByDC and AC and PQ intersect each other at the point O, prove that:
 OA×CQ = OC×AP 

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
 
 Sol.
Q AB||DC and AC is a transversal,
∴  <OCQ = <OAB
[Alternate angles]
Again, PQ is also a transversal
∴ <OQC = <APO
[Alternate angles]
Now, in Δ  OAP and Δ OQC, we have
<OAP = <OCQ
<APO = <OQC [Proved above]
<AOP = <QOC [Vertically opposite angles]
⇒ Δ OAP and Δ  OQC are equiangular 
∴ The triangles are similar
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

Q12. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 25 cm and out of the remaining sides, one is longer than the other by 5 cm. Find the lengths of the other two sides.
 Sol. 
Hypotenuse of the rt triangle = 25 cm
Let one of the sides be x cm
∴ Other side = (x + 5)cm
Now, using Pythagoras Theorem,
x2 + (x + 5)2 = 252
⇒ x2 + x2 + 10x + 25 = 625
⇒ 2x2 + 10x = 625 – 25 = 600
or x2 + 5x – 300 = 0
or x2 + 20x – 15x – 300 = 0
or x(x + 20) – 15 (x + 20)
or (x – 15) (x + 20) = 0
Either x – 15 = 0
⇒ x = 15
or x + 20 = 0
⇒ x = – 20
x = – 20 
is not required.
Therefore, x = 15
Now, x + 5 = 15 + 5 = 20
The other two sides are 15 cm and 20 cm.

Q13. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.
 Using the above, do the following:
 In a trapezium ABCD, AC and BD are intersecting at O, AB y DC and AB = 2 CD. If the area of Δ AOB = 84 cm2, find the area of Δ COD.
 Sol.
Part-I  [See the proof of the theorem on areas of similar triangles]
Part-II  In Δ AOB and Δ COD
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
<1 = <2
[Alternate interior angles Œ AB y DC]
<3 = <4
⇒ Δ AOB ~ Δ COD
[By AA similarity]
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
[using the above theorem]
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles
[Œ It is given that AB = 2 CD]
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

Q14. In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides, prove that the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle. Use the above theorem to find the measure of <PKR in the figure.
Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

Sol.
Part-I  [See the converse of the Pythagoras theorem]
Part-II  In right Δ QPR
Using Pythagoras theorem,
PR2 + PQ2 = QR2
⇒ PR2 + (24)2 = 262
⇒ PR2 = 262 - 242
= (26 - 24) (26 + 24)
= 2 × 50 = 100 ...(1)
Now in D PKR,
PK2 + KR2 = 82 + 62
= 64 + 36 = 100 ...(2)
From (1) and (2),
PK2 + KR2 = PR2
which is according to the above theorem.
∴Angle opposite PR must be 90°
⇒ <PKR = 90°

The document Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles is a part of the Class 10 Course Mathematics (Maths) Class 10.
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FAQs on Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Question Answers - Triangles

1. What are the different types of triangles?
Ans. There are three main types of triangles based on their sides: equilateral triangles, isosceles triangles, and scalene triangles. In an equilateral triangle, all three sides are equal in length. An isosceles triangle has two sides of equal length, and a scalene triangle has three sides of different lengths.
2. How do you calculate the area of a triangle?
Ans. The area of a triangle can be calculated using the formula A = 1/2 * base * height, where "base" is the length of the triangle's base and "height" is the perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex. Simply multiply the base and height, and then divide the result by 2 to find the area.
3. What is the Pythagorean theorem and how is it used in triangles?
Ans. The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. This theorem is used to find the missing side length of a right-angled triangle when the lengths of the other two sides are known.
4. How can we determine if three given side lengths form a triangle?
Ans. To determine if three given side lengths can form a triangle, we use the triangle inequality theorem. According to this theorem, the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle must be greater than the length of the third side. If this condition is satisfied for all three combinations of sides, then the given side lengths can form a triangle.
5. How can we prove that two triangles are congruent?
Ans. Two triangles can be proven congruent using different methods, such as the Side-Side-Side (SSS) congruence criterion, Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) congruence criterion, and Side-Angle-Side (SAS) congruence criterion. These criteria compare the lengths of corresponding sides and the measures of corresponding angles to determine if the two triangles are congruent. If all the corresponding sides and angles are equal, then the triangles are congruent.
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