Class 10 Social Science Previous Year Questions - Manufacturing Industries

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q.1.  How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced? Explain various ways.    [CBSE 2019, 32/2/3]
OR
How are industries responsible for polluting freshwater? Suggest any three measures to reduce the water pollution.    [CBSE (F) 2017]
Ans. 

• Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.
• The main culprits are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into the water bodies.
• Fly ash, phospo-gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India.

Steps to minimize water pollution:
(i) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(ii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases (a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation, (b) Secondary treatment by biological process (c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
(iii) Overdrawing of groundwater needs to be regulated legally.

Q.2. How is manufacturing sector considered the backbone of economic development of the country ? Explain any three points in this regard.    [CBSE 2015]
OR
The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. Explain.    [CBSE 2016,2018]
Ans. (i) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture.
(ii) It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural sector.
(iii) It provides jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iv) Industrial development or manufacturing industries are necessary for the removal of unemployment and poverty in a country like India.
(v) It brings down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(vi) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in foreign exchange.
(vii) The industries make a country rich and prosperous.

Q.3. Name the mineral which is used to harden steel during manufacturing.    [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]
Ans. Manganese

Q.4. “Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country.” Support the statement with examples.    [CBSE (F) 2017]
Ans.  Manufacturing sector:
(i) It helps in modernizing agriculture .
(ii) Helps in providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iii) Reduces unemployment and poverty.
(iv) It brings down the regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
(vi) It brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(vii) Example Cotton textile, Iron and Steel industry, etc.

Q.5. Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India.    [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Ans. The Role of manufacturing sector in the economic development of India
(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture but also reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income.
(ii) Eradication of Unemployment and poverty.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw material into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Q.6.  “Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.” Support the statement with three examples.    [CBSE (Comptl.) 2017]
Ans. Agriculture and industry both depend on each other
(i) Agriculture supplies raw material for the manufacturing industries. Shortage of these raw materials can spell doom for the industry.
(ii) Agriculture gets its basic inputs form the manufacturing industries.
(iii) In this way agriculture offers a big market for industrial products, fertilizers, water pumps, tractors, farm equipment etc.
(iv) In short, agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other they move hand in hand.

Q.7.  Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries.    [CBSE (Delhi) 2017]
Ans. Interdependence of agriculture and industry:
(i) The agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by rising its productivity.
(ii) They depend on the latter for raw materials.
(iii) They sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisesrs, insecticides, pesticides and PVC pipe, machines and tools etc. to the farmers.
(iv) Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industries has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their productions, but also made the production processes very efficient.

Q.8.  “Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, yet we are not able to perform to our full potential.” Why?    [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Ans. It is largely due to high costs and limited availability of coking coal. There is low productivity of labour. Moreover, there is irregularity of supply of energy and of course, the poor infrastructure.

Q.9. Suggest any three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India.    [CBSE (Comptt.) 2017, CBSE (AI) 2016]
Ans. Three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by Industrial development in India are:
1. Water Pollution
Energy lite of waste water discharged by one industry pollutes eight times the quantity of fresh water.
(i) Minimising use of water for procuring by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rain water can be done to meet water requirement.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
2. Air Pollution
(i) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separaters.
(ii) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or natural gas instead of coal in the factories.
3. Noise Pollution
(i) Machinery and equipments can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
(ii) Almost all machineries can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
(iii) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of ear plugs and earphones.

Q.10. “The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement.    [CBSE 2016]
Ans. It is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., raw material to the highest value added products as shown in figure given below:
Figure showing value addition in the textile industry:

From above it is clear that value at each step is added in the textile industry and one has to go step by step.

Q.11.  Why has aluminium metal great importance?    [CBSE (AI) 2016]
Ans.  Aluminium metal has great importance because:
It combines the strength of metals such as Iron with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability.

Q.12. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other?    [CBSE (AI) 2016]
OR
Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials used.
Ans. On the basis of sources of raw material industries are classified as:
(i) Agro based: Agro based industries draw their raw materials from agricultural products. For example, Textiles, Sugar, Coffee, Tea and Edible Oil, etc.
(ii) Mineral based: Mineral based draw their raw material from minerals.
For example, Iron and Steel industries, cement, machine tools, petrochemicals, etc.

Q.13. Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are they different from each other?    [CBSE (F) 2016]
Ans. (i) Basic or key industries: These industries supply their product or raw materials to manufacture other goods; e.g., iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium smelting.
(ii) Consumer industries: These are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers; e.g,, sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans, etc.

Q.14.  “Industrialization and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Validate the statement.    [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
Ans. After an industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment to the people of the area. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs, Housing and transport facilities are developed to accommodate these people. Other infrastructural developments take place leading to growth and development of the town into a city.
Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities. Cities provide markets and services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.

Q.15. How did the ‘Bailadila1 Iron ore field get its name?    (CBSE (F) 2016]
Ans. The Bailadila hills look like the hump of an ox, hence ‘Bailadila’ name given to the iron-ore field.

Q.16.  How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru?    [CBSE (F) 2016]
Ans.  Iron-ore is transported as slurry through pipelines.

Q.17. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials.    [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
Ans. (i) Agro based industries
(ii) Mineral based industries.

Q.18. Why the Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Give reasons.    [CBSE 2015]
Ans. The Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries due to the following reasons:
(i) Low cost of iron.
(ii) Availability of high grade raw material.
(iii) Cheap labour is available.
(iv) There is vast potential of growth in the home market.

LONG ANSWER QUESTION

Q.1. Describe the significance of textile industry in India with specific reference to cotton industry.    [CBSE 2018]
Ans. (a) (i) It contributes 14 per cent to industrial production; employs 35 million persons directly; contributes 24.6 per cent foreign exchange.
(ii) It contributies 4 per cent towards GDP.
(iii) It is self-reliant and complete in value chain.
(b) Cotton industry. (i) As on 30 November 2011, there were 1946 cotton and human-made fibre textile mill in the country.
(ii) Earlier it was concentrated in the cotton belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat, but now spinning is centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, weaving is higly decentralised.
(iii) Weaving is done by handloom, powerloom and in mills.
(iv) 90 per cent of weaving, cutting and processing is in decentralised sector.

Q.2. Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India.    [CBSE (F) 2017]
Ans. Measures To Control Industrial Pollution
(i) Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in to rivers and ponds.
(iv) Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases
(v) Primary treatment by mechanical means involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation., Secondary treatment by biological process, Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This Involves recycling of wastewater.
(vi) Overdrawing of ground water needs to be regulated legally.
(vii) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
(viii) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
(ix) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
(x) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
(xi) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.

Q.3.  Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy.    [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Ans. Role of chemical industries in the Indian Economy:
(i) It contributes approximately 3 % of the GDP.
(ii) It is the 3rd largest in Asia and occupies the 12th place in the world.
(iii) It compromises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
(iv) Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sector.
(v) Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, rubber, plastics, and dye stuffs.
(vi) Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, adhesives, paints etc.
(vii) The chemical industry is its own largest consumer.

Q.4. Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of National Jute Policy.    [CBSE Delhi 2017]
Ans. Challenges faced by the jute industry:
(i) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
(ii) To stimulate the demand of the products need to be diversified.
(iii) Stiff competition from the other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil etc.
Objective of National Jute policy:
(i) Increasing productivity
(ii) Improving quality.
(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers.
(iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare.

Q.5. Why are jute mills concentrated along the Hoogly river? Explain giving reasons.
OR
“Jute industry is concentrated in the Hugli basin”. Validate the statement with three suitable reasons.    [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]
Ans. Reasons for concentration of jute mills along the Hoogly river:
(i)West Bengal is the storehouse of jute. It produces the highest quantity of jute.
(ii) The industry requires a lot of water which is easily available from the Hoogly river.
(iii) Cheap labour is easily available because of migrating labour from neighbouring states of Bihar and Odisha.
(iv) Inexpensive water transport in the river Hoogly is available.
(v) A large urban sector in Kolkata provides banking, insurance and loan facilities.
(vi) Kolkata is a good harbour which can provide facilities for the export of jute products in various parts of the world.

Q.6. Why are sugar mills concentrated in sugarcane producing areas? Explain any three problems faced by sugar industry in India.    [CBSE Delhi 2016]
OR
Give reasons as to why the ideal location of sugar mills is near sugarcane producing areas. Support the statement with reasons.
Ans. Sugar industries are concentrated in the sugarcane producing areas:
(i) Sugarcane is a perishable good, it looses its sucrose content if delays in transportation occurs, so it needs to be in the nearby place.
(ii) Sugarcane is bulky and perishable, so transportation cost reduces.
(iii) Near it is to the production area, its production automatically increases.
(iv) The raw material used in the sugar mills, that sugarcane is bulky.
(v) In haulage, its sucrose content reduces.
Challenges:
(i) Seasonal nature of the industry.
(ii) Old and inefficient methods of production.
(iii) Transport delays in reaching cane to the mills.
(iv) Need to maximise the use of bagasse.